秸秆还田对双季稻产量及氮磷径流损失的影响

发布时间：2018-02-16 14:09

本文关键词： 秸秆还田水稻产量养分径流损失　出处：《环境科学研究》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为探索减少稻田氮磷流失的有效耕作措施,以南方典型黄壤双季稻田为研究对象,采用田间长期定位观测试验,研究了连续7 a(2008—2014年)秸秆还田(RFS)替代38.7%的N、40.8%的P2O5和42.7%的K2O晚稻化肥投入与常规化肥(RF)处理对双季稻产量、地表径流中ρ(TN)、ρ(NH4+-N)、ρ(NO3--N)、ρ(TP)、ρ(DP)(DP为溶解态总磷)的影响.结果表明:与常规化肥处理相比,秸秆还田处理不仅可从源头上减少晚稻化肥投入,还可降低稻田径流液中氮、磷养分含量,分别使TN和TP流失量减少12.6%、9.7%;氮流失主要以DIN(可溶性无机氮)为主,DIN/TN(DIN输出量在TN输出量中所占比例)为66.2%~70.8%;磷流失主要以DP(可溶性磷酸盐)为主,DP/TP(DP输出量在TP输出量中所占比例)为60.1%~65.9%;秸秆还田处理下早稻较常规化肥处理有增产趋势,增幅为4.5%~10.1%,晚稻有减产风险,但减产差异不显著,平均减幅为6.3%.因此,秸秆长期还田是一种秸秆资源有效利用和节肥增效减失的耕作方式.
[Abstract]:In order to explore the effective tillage measures to reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields, a long-term field observation experiment was carried out on a typical yellow soil double cropping rice field in southern China. The yield of double cropping rice was studied by replacing 40.8% P _ 2O _ 5 of 38.7% and 42.7% K _ 2O of K _ 2O and conventional chemical fertilizer RFs for 7 consecutive years from 2008 to 2014 when the straw was returned to the field. The results showed that compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, straw returning treatment could not only reduce the input of late rice fertilizer, but also reduce the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff liquid of rice field, compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the results showed that: compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the straw returning treatment could not only reduce the input of chemical fertilizer in late rice, but also reduce the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff liquid of rice field. The loss of TN and TP were reduced by 12.6and 9.7.The nitrogen loss was mainly caused by din (soluble inorganic nitrogen), the proportion of TN / TNDIN output in TN output was 66.2 / 70.8, and the phosphorus loss was mainly DP( soluble phosphate) / DP/ TPDP / TP / TPDP / TP output. The yield of early rice under straw returning treatment was higher than that of conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. The rate of increase was 4.5 / 10.1, and late rice had the risk of reducing yield, but the difference was not significant, and the average reduction was 6.3.Therefore, returning straw to the field for a long time was a kind of tillage method of effective utilization of straw resources and saving fertilizer to increase efficiency and decrease loss.
【作者单位】：湖南省土壤肥料研究所农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室;中南大学研究生院隆平分院;南方粮油作物协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B04) 湖南省农业种植业面源污染发生与防控机制研究(2016JC2028)
【分类号】：X712;X52

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