拟盘多毛孢属（Pestalotiopsis）真菌系统学研究及条形码基因的评价

发布时间：2018-02-20 05:59

本文关键词： 类拟盘多毛孢真菌拟盘多毛孢属新拟盘多毛孢属假拟盘多毛孢属系统发育学分类学新种 NDA条形码评价　出处：《贵州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：类拟盘多毛孢真菌(Pestalotiopsis-like fungi),包括拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)、新拟盘多毛孢属(Neopestalotiopsis)和假拟盘多毛孢属(Pseudopestalotiopsis),是黑盘孢科(Amphisphaeriaceae)中的无性形真菌,其分生孢子具附属丝。该真菌类群在世界范围内广泛分布,在热带和亚热带生态系统中生物多样性尤其丰富,其宿主专一性不高,能够引起多种植物的多种病害,是重要的植物病原菌。作为内生真菌的重要类群,类拟盘多毛孢真菌能够产生多种具有生物活性的次级代谢产物,因此对该类真菌的研究具有重要的生态和经济价值。本研究自2010年至2013年,从我国5个省份(云南、贵州、海南、重庆、广西)及泰国部分地区的60余种植物上采集了200多份叶片标本,共分离到了92株类拟盘多毛孢菌株,包括拟盘多毛孢属菌株40株、新拟盘多毛孢属菌株46株、假拟盘多毛孢属菌株6株。经过ITS,β-tubulin和tef1三个基因加合的系统学分析,并结合形态学研究,共鉴定出新种18个(5个已发表,13个待发表)和已报道种19个。这些充分说明类拟盘多毛孢真菌的植物来源比较广泛,在南方地区多种植物上分布较广,且具有丰富的物种多样性。18个新种分别为鱼尾葵新拟盘多毛孢(Neopestalotiopsis caryotae),香樟新拟盘多毛孢(N.cinnamomumae),咖啡新拟盘多毛孢(N.coffeae-arabicae),N.podocarpusis,罗汉松新拟盘多毛孢(N.podocarpus-macrophyllus),N.pseudoaustralis,N.pseudosaprophyta,鹤望兰新拟盘多毛孢(N.strelit ziae),Pestalotiopsis camellia-sinensis,饭甑青冈拟盘多毛孢(P.cyclobalanopsis),巴西木拟盘多毛孢(P.dracaenea),P.keteleeria,荔波拟盘多毛孢(P.libosis),李拟盘多毛孢(P.prunui),桃金娘拟盘多毛孢(P.rhodomyrtus),娑罗树拟盘多毛孢(P.shorea),P.subshorea,Pseudopestalotiopsis simitheae;19个已报道种为卵圆新拟盘多毛孢(Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora),N.foedans,N.formicarum,藜芦新拟盘多毛孢(N.leucothoes),山龙眼新拟盘多毛孢(N.protearum),N.samarangensis,Pestalotiopsis adusta,P.anacardiacearum,P.camelliae,P.chamaeropis,P.colombiensis,P.diploclisiae,P.humus,P.kenyana,P.malayana,P.portugalica,P.rhododendri,Pseudopestalotiopsis cocos,Ps.theae。利用PAUP软件的最大简约(Maximum Parsimony)算法,分别以拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)菌株的ITS,β-tubulin和tef1基因序列构建了单基因系统进化树,通过分析各个基因标签对该属真菌分类的种区分度和可信度(自举支持率),并结合各自的PCR扩增率,分别对三个基因标签做出评价,tef1基因标签以其较高的种区分能力和可信度被认为更适合用作拟盘多毛孢属真菌分类的DNA条形码标签。本研究所有新种的模式标本及模式菌株均保存在贵州大学植物病理实验室(HGUP)和泰国皇太后大学(MFLUCC)。
[Abstract]:Pestalotiopsis-like fungii, including Pestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis (Neopestalotiopsis) and Pseudopestalotiopsis (Pseudopestalotiopsis), are asexual fungi of Amphisphaeriaceaeae in the family Amphisphaeriaceae. their conidiospores are sericulate. In tropical and subtropical ecosystems, biodiversity is especially abundant, its host is not unique, it can cause a variety of plant diseases, it is an important plant pathogen, as an important group of endophytic fungi, The studies on this kind of fungi have important ecological and economic value. From 2010 to 2013, this study was carried out in five provinces of China (Yunnan, Guizhou, China). More than 200 leaf specimens were collected from more than 60 species of plants in Hainan, Chongqing, Guangxi) and some parts of Thailand. A total of 92 panicularia strains were isolated, including 40 strains of the genus Paracia and 46 strains of the new genus. A total of 6 strains of the genus Phaeopsis were studied by phylogenetic analysis and morphological analysis of ITS, 尾 -tubulin and tef1 gene adducts. A total of 18 new species (5 published, 13 to be published) and 19 reported species have been identified. These fully show that the plant resources of Phaeopsis species are relatively wide, and they are widely distributed in many species of plants in southern China. 18 new species are Neopestalotiopsis caryotaeae, N.cinnamomumaeae, N. coffeae-arabicaeae N.podocarpusis, N. podocarpus-macrophyllus, N. oaustralisa N. pseudosaprophyta, N. pseudziella pseudosporit Pestalotiopsis camellia-sinensis, P. Cyclobalanopsis, P. dracaeneaeae, P. keeriera, P. libosisus, P. prunuiformis, P. rhodomyrtus, P. shorea, P. shorea P. Pseudopestalotiopsis sithemiaeae, 19 species reported as Neestopalotiopsis ellipspora N. Foedansa N. formarumus. N. leucothoesus, N. Leucothoesus, N. protearum, N. samarangensis adustaandia adustaensis P. camellia P. chamaeropischus P. ColombiensisP.diploclisiaeus P. humusus P.kenyanaP.malayana P. malayana P.portugalicaP.rhododendritis coPs.theae. using the PAUP software Maximus Parsimonycosma, The phylogenetic tree of ITS, 尾 -tubulin and tef1 genes of the genus Pestalotiopsis was constructed. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by analyzing the classification degree and reliability (bootstrap support rate) of each gene tag, and combining with the PCR amplification rate, the phylogenetic tree of the genus Pestalotiopsis was constructed by analyzing the phylogenetic tree of ITS, 尾 -tubulin and tef1 gene sequences of the genus Pestalotiopsis, respectively. The three gene tags were evaluated respectively for their higher species differentiation ability and reliability, which were considered to be more suitable to be used as DNA barcode tags for the classification of Trichoderma fungi. There are new type specimens in this study. And the model strains were preserved in HGUPU, Guizhou University, and MFLUCCS, Empress Empress Empress University, Thailand.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S432.44

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