红黏土侵蚀劣地集水区30年植被恢复中的水沙特征

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:16

本文关键词： 红黏土区植被恢复水土流失降雨过程养分流失　出处：《中国水土保持科学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为探究红黏土侵蚀劣地植被恢复的水土保持效益,在自然降雨条件下,对红黏土区裸地对照及植被恢复的2个自然集水区进行长期降雨径流泥沙监测,得到30年的产流产沙数据。结果表明:1)植被恢复第6年裸地对照和恢复林地的产流差距显著,8年后恢复林地基本不再产沙。年内产流产沙集中在雨季4—6月,植被的减流和减沙效益分别超过40%和90%。在次降雨尺度上,植被能够显著降低径流泥沙曲线斜率,在降雨量相同的条件下减小地表产流产沙量。2)降雨过程产流产沙与降雨强度I60变化趋势一致,呈多峰型,总体上恢复区延缓产流1 h以上,产流峰值减小67%~83%,中雨条件下植被延缓径流和降低产流峰值的效益最好。3)恢复林地径流中全N、全P、全K流失量分别减少54.62%、57.53%、56.46%,次降雨过程中全N和全K流失质量浓度高于全P浓度,且随径流过程波动较大。植被恢复后的红黏土集水区产流产沙及养分流失显著减少,水土流失得到有效控制。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the soil and water conservation benefit of vegetation restoration in red clay erosion and inferior land, the long-term rainfall runoff and sediment monitoring were carried out on the bare land of red clay area and the two natural catchment areas of vegetation restoration under the condition of natural rainfall. The results showed that there was a significant difference between bare land control and forest land runoff recovery in the sixth year of vegetation restoration, and basically no sand production was achieved after 8 years. During the year, the yield of abortion sediment was concentrated in the rainy season from April to June. The benefits of runoff reduction and sediment reduction of vegetation are more than 40% and 90 respectively. On the scale of rainfall, vegetation can significantly reduce the slope of runoff and sediment curve. Under the condition of the same rainfall, reducing the amount of surface runoff and sediment yield. 2) during the rainfall, the change trend of runoff yield and sediment yield is consistent with that of rainfall intensity I60, and it is multi-peak type, and the recovery area can delay runoff production for more than 1 hour on the whole. The benefit of vegetation delaying runoff and reducing the peak value of runoff under moderate rain was the best. 3) the total N, total P and K loss in forest runoff were reduced by 54.62%, 57.53% and 56.46%, respectively. The mass concentration of total N and K loss was higher than the total P concentration in the course of rainfall. The sediment yield and nutrient loss in red clay catchment after vegetation restoration were significantly reduced and soil erosion was effectively controlled.
【作者单位】：土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所;中国科学院大学;太湖流域水土保持监测中心站;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划“大型崩岗的农业综合开发技术与示范”(2014BAD15B0302) 国家自然科学基金“红壤丘陵区小流域路网的水沙效应作用机理与模拟”(41571273) 江苏省自然科学基金“基于GIS的流域坡长因子自动计算方法研究”(BK2015610)
【分类号】：S157

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