我国出口谷物产品的碳足迹分析

发布时间：2018-02-25 07:07

本文关键词： 出口谷物贸易壁垒碳足迹生命周期评价低碳农业　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：气候变化已经成为当今社会普遍关注的问题,随着经济的发展和国际贸易的逐步扩张,贸易过程产生的碳排放也逐渐得到重视。近年来,我国由于对外贸易产生的碳排放已经占到了全国碳排放总量的四分之一左右。因此,对外贸易给我国带来的碳排放不容忽视。随着农业的快速发展,我国农业种植规模不断扩大,农业田间耕作的机械化水平也在不断提高。与此同时,农业带来的温室气体的排放问题也就日益严峻。农业已经成为温室气体排放的大户,必须得到高度重视,这也促使了发展低碳农业模式成为一种长期的势在必行的全国低碳经济增长策略。基于以上的大背景,对我国出口产品制定碳足迹的核算标准,并对我国重要“高碳农产品”的碳足迹进行核算显得尤为重要。本文主要采用生命周期评价的方法核算了我国出口谷物的碳足迹。主要的研究内容包括：(1)对碳足迹的概念以及国内外的研究进展进行了综述,重点评述了产品碳足迹的分析方法及评价标准。根据碳足迹的定义以及所要研究产品的特点选用PAS2050这一评价标准作为分析我国谷物碳足迹的主要方法。(2)以我国典型的谷物-大米、小麦及玉米为例,采用产品生周期评价的方法核算了我国主要谷物的碳足迹,分析了谷物生产过程各主要阶段对谷物产品碳足迹的贡献。(3)核算了我国主要出口谷物的碳足迹总量及其结构,并从生命周期过程的角度分析了我国出口谷物的碳足迹结构以及碳转移的路径。(4)结合本文的研究结果,针对我国低碳农业的发展和如何应对出口谷物低碳壁垒提出政策建议。并结合我国农业的实际生产过程提出改进建议,为实现我国低碳农业发展和环境外交谈判提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the gradual expansion of international trade, the carbon emissions from the trade process have been paid more and more attention. China's carbon emissions due to foreign trade have already accounted for about 1/4 of the total national carbon emissions. Therefore, the carbon emissions brought to China by foreign trade can not be ignored. With the rapid development of agriculture, The scale of agricultural cultivation in China is expanding, and the mechanization of agricultural farming is also increasing. At the same time, the problem of greenhouse gas emissions brought by agriculture is becoming increasingly serious. Agriculture has become a major producer of greenhouse gas emissions. The development of low-carbon agriculture model has become a long-term national low-carbon economic growth strategy. Based on the above background, the accounting standard of carbon footprint is established for our export products. It is very important to calculate the carbon footprint of our country's important "high carbon agricultural products". This paper mainly uses the method of life cycle evaluation to calculate the carbon footprint of Chinese export cereals. The main research contents include: 1) carbon foot. The concept of trace and the research progress at home and abroad are reviewed. According to the definition of carbon footprint and the characteristics of products to be studied, PAS2050 is chosen as the main method to analyze the carbon footprint of grain in China. Type type cereals-rice, The carbon footprint of main cereals in China was calculated by using the method of product life cycle evaluation for example wheat and corn. The contribution of grain production process to the carbon footprint of grain products was analyzed. The total carbon footprint and its structure of China's main export cereals were calculated. From the point of view of life cycle process, the carbon footprint structure and the path of carbon transfer of grain export in China are analyzed. In view of the development of low-carbon agriculture in China and how to deal with the low carbon barrier of grain export, this paper puts forward some suggestions for improving the development of low-carbon agriculture and environmental diplomacy negotiation in the light of the actual production process of agriculture in China, which provides a scientific basis for the development of low-carbon agriculture in China and for the negotiation of environmental diplomacy.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S181;F752.62

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