秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤甲螨、跳虫群落结构的影响

发布时间：2018-02-26 13:12

本文关键词： 秸秆还田甲螨跳虫群落结构聚类分析指示分析　出处：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：秸秆还田是农田生态系统管理的重要措施。秸秆既是土壤动物的生境,也是重要的食物来源。为探讨秸秆还田对农田土壤甲螨、跳虫群落结构的影响,以东北黑土区秸秆还田4年(SR4)、秸秆还田10年(SR10)和无秸秆还田(CK)样地土壤为研究对象,采用改良的Tullgren漏斗法于2014年6月和10月、2015年6月和10月对土壤甲螨群落结构进行研究,于2014年7月、2014年10月和2015年5月对土壤跳虫群落结构进行研究。甲螨研究结果表明:4个采样时期共捕获土壤螨类11366只,其中甲螨8373只,占73.67%。SR4、SR10和CK中,甲螨的分布密度分别为13774只/m2、11946只/m2和5871只/m2,分别隶属于15属、12属和7属;秸秆还田(F=81.954,P0.001)、季节(F=56.649,P0.001)、秸秆还田和季节交互作用(F=11.289,P0.001)都对土壤甲螨个体数量有显著性影响,而对甲螨类群数影响不显著;秸秆还田能够显著影响甲螨群落的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和密度-类群指数;季节动态上,表现出秋季甲螨分布密度普遍高于夏季。聚类分析也表明秸秆还田黑土农田系统中甲螨群落组成(SR4与SR10)与传统耕作(CK)显著不同,而秸秆还田4年(SR4)和10年(SR10)处理的差异不明显。跳虫研究结果表明:研究区2014年7月和10月、2015年5月三个时期共捕获6935只跳虫,其中SR4、SR10和CK的分布密度分别为10807只/m2、16673只/m2、9256只/m2,分别隶属于20属、20属和17属;秸秆还田(F=60.85,p0.001)、季节(F=36.561,p0.001)、秸秆还田和季节交互作用(F=3.94,p=0.018)对跳虫分布密度有显著性影响,而类群数受秸秆还田(F=15.344,p0.001)和季节(F=10.178,p=0.001)影响显著;通过物种指示值分析得到了三种农田类型的指示物种,SR10(等节跳科、球角跳科、疣跳科、棘跳科和土跳科)、SR4(长角跳科和等节跳科)和CK(圆跳科)。秸秆还田显著影响丰富度指数、均匀度指数和密度-类群指数。综上,秸秆还田有利于提高土壤甲螨、跳虫群落结构多样性和密度,对土壤甲螨及跳虫具有重要的保育作用,有利于农田土壤生态环境的保护和土壤肥力提升。
[Abstract]:Straw returning to farmland is an important measure for farmland ecosystem management. Straw is not only the habitat of soil animals but also an important food source. The soil structure of the acaroid mites was studied by improved Tullgren funnel method in the soil samples of four years of straw returning to the field (SR4), straw returning to the field for 10 years (SR10) and no straw returning to the field (CK). The improved Tullgren funnel method was used to study the structure of soil demodex community in June 2014 and October, June 2015 and October respectively. In July 2014, October 2014 and May 2015, the community structure of soil trematophytes was studied. The results showed that 11366 soil mites were captured in four sampling periods, of which 8373,73.67. SR4 SR10 and CK. The distribution densities of the mites were 13774 / m ~ (2) / m ~ (2) / m ~ (2) and 5 871 / m ~ (2), respectively, belonging to 15 genera, 12 genera and 7 genera, respectively, and the return of straw to the field was 81.954% (P 0.001), the season was 56.649% (P _ (0.001)), and the interaction of straw and season was F _ (11.289) (P _ (0.001)). But it had no significant effect on the number of species of the mites, and returning straw to the field could significantly affect the richness index, evenness index, diversity index, dominance index and density-group index of the community. Cluster analysis also showed that the composition of acaroid community in black soil system was significantly different from that in traditional tillage (CK). However, there was no significant difference between the treatments of SR4 (4 years) and SR10 (10 years) of straw returning to the field. The results of the study showed that 6935 individuals were captured in the three periods of July 2014 and October and May 2015 in the study area. The distribution densities of SR10 and CK were 10807 / m ~ (2), 16673 / m ~ (-2) / m ~ (2) / m ~ (2), respectively, belonging to 20 genera and 20 genera / m ~ (2), respectively, respectively, and F60.85% (p 0.001), F ~ (36. 561) P _ (0.001), F ~ (3. 94) P ~ (0.018), respectively. But the number of species was significantly affected by the return of straw to the field (F _ (15.344) p _ (0.001)) and the season _ (F _ (10) ~ (178) P ~ (0.001)), and through the analysis of the species indicator values, three types of indicating species of cropland were obtained, I. e., Isonophyllidae, Cynophyllidae, Verrucaceae, and so on. SR4 and CK.Straw returning to the field significantly affected the richness index, evenness index and density-group index. In summary, returning straw to the field was beneficial to the improvement of the soil acaroid mites. The diversity and density of the community structure play an important role in the conservation of soil beetle mites and jumpers, which is beneficial to the protection of soil ecological environment and the improvement of soil fertility.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4;S154

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