炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-02-26 14:22

本文关键词： 炭化苹果枝根区土壤 Illumina高通量测序细菌真菌　出处：《中国农业科学》2016年17期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】根区土壤微生物是影响根系环境的重要因素,炭化苹果枝是废弃果树枝条低氧高温热解产物,研究施用炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构及其多样性的影响,为炭化苹果枝的合理应用以及改善果园土壤生物学性状提供理论依据。【方法】在春季,将长势一致的2年生‘富士’苹果幼树(砧木为平邑甜茶)移栽到含有不同质量比(0—4%)炭化苹果枝的盆栽土壤中,于移栽120 d后采集土样,提取基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增建立文库,利用Miseq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学分析土壤细菌16S r RNA基因V3+V4区域和真菌ITS1区域的丰富度和多样性指数以及群落结构。【结果】从15个苹果根区土壤样本中获得16 656个细菌分类操作单元(OTU)和435个真菌OTU,其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)是优势细菌,其相对丰度共占70.68%—72.80%;担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)是优势真菌,其相对丰度共占68.00%—75.14%。群落物种丰富度指数(Chao指数和Ace指数)分析显示,1%炭化苹果枝增加了细菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了15.42%,Ace指数提高3.89%;0.5%炭化苹果枝增加了真菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了2.80%,Ace指数提高了3.61%。群落多样性指数(Shannon指数和Simpson指数)分析表明,0.5%—4%炭化苹果枝降低了土壤细菌的多样性,增加了土壤真菌的多样性;其中,细菌群落多样性Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为1%时最低,真菌Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为0.5%时最高。1%、2%和4%的炭化苹果枝均不同程度地降低了根区土壤变形菌门、酸杆菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,提高了拟杆菌门和接合菌门的相对丰度;真菌担子菌门中的锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)的相对丰度最大(数值在31.99%—46.74%),施用1%、2%和4%的炭化苹果枝可使其降低。0.5%—4%的炭化苹果枝能增加不同处理所独有的细菌OTU数目,改变细菌类群组成,其中独有的细菌OTU数目是共有OTU数目的 1—3倍,但对真菌类群组成没有明显影响。【结论】施用0.5%—4%(w/w)炭化苹果枝明显改变苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度和多样性,增加各用量下所特有的细菌物种,其中1%的炭化苹果枝明显提高根区土壤细菌的丰富度。
[Abstract]:[objective] soil microorganism in root zone is an important factor affecting root environment, and carbonized apple branch is the product of low oxygen and high temperature pyrolysis of abandoned fruit tree branch. The effects of the application of carbonized apple branches on the community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi in apple root zone were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of carbonized apple branches and the improvement of soil biological properties in orchards. [methods] in spring, Two year old 'Fuji' apple trees (the rootstock was Pingyi sweet tea) were transplanted into pot soil containing different mass ratio of 0-4% and carbonized apple branches. After 120 days of transplanting, soil samples were collected, genomic DNAs were extracted, and the library was established by PCR amplification. The richness, diversity index and community structure of the V3 V4 region of 16S r RNA gene and the ITS1 region of fungi were analyzed by using the second generation high-throughput sequencing technique of Illumina on the Miseq platform and the related bioinformatics. 16,656 bacterial taxonomic operating units (OTU) and 435 fungi OTU were obtained from apple root soil samples. Proteobacteria (Bacteroidetes) and Acidobacteria acidobacteriae (Acidobacteria) are dominant bacteria, and their relative abundance is 70.68-72.80. Basidiomycotaa, Ascomycotaa and Zygomycotata are dominant fungi. Its relative abundance accounted for 68.00-75.14.The analysis of species richness index Chao index and Ace index showed that 1% carbonized apple branch increased bacterial community richness, and its Chao index increased 15.42Ace index by 3.89% and 0.5% carbonized apple branch increased the community richness of fungi. Its Chao index increased 2.80% and Ace index increased 3.61.The analysis of community diversity index Shannon index and Simpson index showed that 0.5 ~ 4% carbonized apple branches decreased the diversity of soil bacteria and increased the diversity of soil fungi. The Shannon index of bacterial community diversity was the lowest when the amount of carbonized apple branch was 1, and the highest value of fungal Shannon index was at 0.5% for carbonized apple branch and 4%% for carbonized apple branch. The relative abundance of acidomycetes and basidiomycetes increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Basidiomycetes. The relative abundance of Hymenochaetaceae in basidiomycetes is the highest (the value is 31.99-46.7441). The application of 1% and 4% carbonized apple branches can reduce the number of bacterial OTU and change the composition of bacteria by adding 0.5-4% carbonized apple branches. The number of unique bacterial OTU was 1-3 times that of OTU, but it had no obvious effect on the composition of fungi. [conclusion] the application of 0.5 ~ 4w / w) carbonized apple branches significantly changed the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil of apple root zone. 1% of the carbonized apple branches significantly increased the richness of bacteria in the soil of root zone by increasing the specific bacterial species under different dosage.
【作者单位】：山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2014BAD16B02) 国家自然科学基金(31372016)
【分类号】：S661.1;S154.3

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