安吉县域农业面源污染分区分类控制方案

发布时间：2018-02-27 02:13

本文关键词： 农业面源污染 SWAT模型 WASP模型安吉县域分区分类控制方案　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业面源污染因其严重的危害性和复杂的特性成为广泛关注的焦点,而如何有效地控制农业面源污染,也是国内外学者一直研究的重点。本研究通过对安吉县进行实地调研以及收集相关资料,识别了安吉县主要的污染因子,并以此为依据建立了适用于安吉县的SWAT和WASP模型,将安吉县划分为61个子流域,可视化展示出安吉县流域农业氮、磷流失空间分布,根据各子流域所对应的的水质目标差异,核算出相应的水环境容量,在此基础上,结合安吉县的相关规划,采用二级分区的方式提出了面源污染的分区方案。在一级分区中,将安吉县划分为三个区,即:上游生态环境保护与水土氮磷流失控制区、中游面源污染综合控制区、下游污染减负与生态修复控制区。再根据安吉县污染源分布情况特点、水功能区要求等,进行二级分区,提出针对安吉县的农业面源污染控制方案,为安吉县农业面源污染的有效控制提供了依据和思路。主要研究结论如下:1、除个别断面外,安吉县2010年至2014年其他所有断面水质指标都符合水功能区的要求。以Ⅱ类水水质标准作为参照,可以得出在所有超出Ⅱ类水的污染因子中,五年来DO、氨氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、CODcr的平均超出率分别为5.73%、15.32%、6.63%、1.47%、4.39%。在全部超出Ⅱ类水水质的断面中,氨氮与总磷超出断面数最多,共占64%。2、基于Arcgis软件构建SWAT模型空间数据库和属性数据库,通过数据转换实现流域空间的参数化过程。通过对横塘水文站与柴潭埠水质监测站点进行模型的率定与验证,得出横塘水文站的径流在率定和验证期的相关系数均能达到0.9以上,柴潭埠水质监测站点的氨氮与总磷的相关系数也可以达到0.8左右,三个变量的效率系数也均满足模型的要求,说明SWAT模型在安吉县具有较好的适用性。同时,SWAT模型模拟结果表明,氮磷负荷从上游到下游呈逐渐加重的趋势,并在下游区域不断累积,负荷量是上游的数倍。3、将SWAT模型模拟出的各子流域月尺度的氨氮、总磷污染负荷结果,输入到WASP模型中,进而核算安吉县整体的水环境容量情况。通过对横塘水文站点与荆湾水质监测站点进行模型的验证,得出径流、氨氮的一致性系数均为0.9以上,总磷为0.86,三个变量的相关系数均为0.8以上,说明WASP模型在安吉县适用性较好。水环境容量计算结果表明,安吉县大部分河段基本满足水功能区要求,但仍有部分子流域的剩余水环境容量不足。4、根据安吉县行政区划、地形地貌、人口分布、土地利用情况以及结合《安吉县环境功能区划》、《安吉县水土保持规划》,将安吉县划分为三个控制区。并根据控制区内污染源类型进行二级分区,划分为污染优先控制区、茶叶种植污染控制区、粮食作物种植污染控制区、养殖污染控制区、城镇生活污染控制区、生态旅游污染控制区、生态环境保护控制区和水体净化与修复控制区,并根据每个二级控制区内农业面源污染特点,结合实地踏勘情况,分析主要存在的问题,并依此提出具有针对性的安吉县域农业面源污染控制方案。
[Abstract]:Agricultural non-point source pollution due to its serious harmfulness and complex characteristics become the focus of attention, and how to effectively control the agricultural non-point source pollution, is also the focus of the domestic and overseas scholars. Based on the study of Anji county to conduct field research and collect relevant data, identify the main pollution factors of Anji County, and the SWAT and WASP models on the basis of established for the Anji County, Anji county is divided into 61 sub basins, visualization of Anji County Agricultural Watershed spatial distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus loss, according to the corresponding sub basin water quality target difference, calculate the water environmental capacity of the corresponding, on this basis, combined with the relevant the planning of Anji County, using two way partition partition scheme is proposed. The non-point source pollution in the primary partition, the Anji county is divided into three areas, namely: the upstream ecological environment protection and soil and water loss of nitrogen and phosphorus The control area, control area of non-point source pollution, pollution control and ecological restoration of the burden of the downstream area. According to the sources of the distribution characteristics of Anji County, water functional area requirements, two level partition, proposed control scheme of agricultural non-point source pollution in Anji County, provide the basis and ideas for effective control of agriculture in Anji county the non-point source pollution. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, in addition to individual section, Anji county from 2010 to 2014 all the other water quality indicators are in line with the requirements of water function zone. In class II water quality standards as a reference, it can be concluded that in the above class II water pollution factors in the five years of DO, ammonia nitrogen CODcr, total phosphorus, potassium permanganate index, the average excess rate is respectively 5.73%, 15.32%, 6.63%, 1.47%, 4.39%. in class II water quality beyond all sections, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus exceeded the maximum number of sections, accounted for 64 of%.2, Arcgis software construction based on S WAT model of spatial database and attribute database, realize the parametric process in space through the data conversion. Through the model of Wang Tong hydrologic station and wood Tanbu water quality monitoring site calibration and verification, the Hengtang hydrological station runoff could reach more than 0.9 in the correlation coefficient of the calibration and validation period, and the correlation coefficient of ammonia nitrogen TP Chai Tan Bu water quality monitoring sites can reach about 0.8, the efficiency coefficient of the three variables also meet the requirement of the model, which indicates that the SWAT model has good applicability in the Anji county. At the same time, the SWAT model simulation results show that the nitrogen and phosphorus load from upstream to downstream showed a trend of gradually increasing, and in the downstream area of the accumulation of load is upstream of the.3 several times, the ammonia nitrogen in each sub basin SWAT model of the month scale, the total phosphorus pollution load, the input to the WASP model, and then an overall accounting Jixian The water environmental capacity. Through the verification, the model of hydrological stations and Jing Wan Heng Tang water quality monitoring site that the runoff consistency coefficient of ammonia nitrogen was more than 0.9, total phosphorus was 0.86, the correlation coefficient of the three variables were above 0.8, which indicates that the WASP model in Anji county. The applicability of calculating water environmental capacity the results show that most of Anji county to meet the basic requirements of water function area, but there is still residual water environmental capacity of less than.4 part of the sub basin, according to the administrative division of Anji County, topography, population distribution, land use and combined with the "Anji County environmental function zoning > >, < the planning of soil and water conservation in Anji County, Anji County divided into three areas of control. And the two partition according to the pollution control zone type, divided into priority control area of pollution, pollution control of tea planting area, planting crops pollution control areas, aquaculture pollution control District, urban life pollution control area, pollution control ecological tourism ecological environment protection area, control area and water purification and restoration control area, and according to each of the two level control zone of agricultural non-point source pollution characteristics, combined with the investigation and analysis of the main problems, and puts forward to Anji County agricultural non-point source pollution control plan.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X71

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