垄沟集雨种植覆盖比对土壤水温和春玉米光合效率的影响

发布时间：2018-02-27 20:50

本文关键词： 垄沟集雨覆盖比例玉米土壤水温光能利用　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为探明垄沟集雨种植方式不同覆盖比例对春玉米田土壤水分和温度、玉米光合特征及产量的调控作用,为旱区沟垄集雨种植方式的优化和标准化提供参考,于2015-2016两年在宁南旱农区以传统露地平作为对照(CK),设置了垄:沟宽度比例分别为50 cm:10cm(R5F1),80 cm:40 cm(R8F4),60 cm:40 cm(R6F4),60 cm:60 cm(R6F6)4种不同集雨种植模式的大田试验。研究得到以下主要结论:1.沟垄集雨种植技术显著提升了耕层土壤温度,并且随着垄的宽度增大与覆盖比例增大,对土壤的升温作用越明显,玉米生育期平均5 cm土层处理R5F1、R8F4、R6F4、R6F6较CK分别增温2.83、1.92、1.49、0.98℃,15cm土层R5F1、R8F4、R6F4、R6F6较CK分别增温2.79、1.50、1.29、0.55℃。在玉米生育前期(苗期和拔节期),这种增温效果更加显著。2.从整个生育期来看,沟垄集雨种植技术能显著改善土壤水分状况,并且随着覆盖比例(垄宽)的增加,0~200cm土壤贮水量逐渐增加处理R5F1、R8F4、R6F4、R6F6分别较CK增加11.75%、9.80%、9.41%、7.51%;但在干旱年型,覆盖比例(垄宽)的增加会加剧春玉米在水分临界期对土壤水分的消耗,导致土壤贮水量的降低。3.垄沟集雨种植在增加垄宽和覆盖比例的基础上,构成了宽窄行的种植模式,改善了玉米群体穗位叶部位的光环境。通过优化沟垄宽和覆盖比例,可进一步改善玉米生长水温状况,两年R5F1、R8F4、R6F4、R6F6分别较CK平均增产59.21%、47.78%、49.33%、43.06%。两年R5F1、R8F4、R6F4、R6F水分利用效率(WUE)和光能利用效率(RUE)分别较CK提升97.22%、57.82%、67.11%、61.88%和38.42%、26.44%、27.54%、25.26%。以R5F1和R6F4二个处理的提高RUE(籽粒产量)的效果最好,两年平均达到0.57%和0.53%。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the effect of different mulching ratio on soil moisture and temperature, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring maize field, and to provide reference for optimization and standardization of rain-ridge rain-harvesting planting in arid area. In the dry farming area of southern Ningxia in 2015-2016, a field experiment of different rainwater harvesting patterns of R6F4 + 60 cm:60 cm(R6F6)4 was carried out, in which the ratio of ridge to furrow width was 50 cm 10 cm 10 cm / L R5F 1 / 80 cm:40 / cm, respectively. The main conclusions were as follows: 1.The main results were as follows: (1) the ratio of ridge width to furrow width was 50 cm ~ 10 cm ~ (-1) R5F _ (1) ~ 80 cm:40 ~ (-1) cm:40 ~ (60) cm:40 ~ (60) C ~ (-1) C ~ (-1). Rainwater harvesting techniques have significantly increased the temperature of the topsoil, And with the increase of ridge width and mulching ratio, the effect of soil heating is more obvious. The treatment of R5F1, R8F4, R6F4, R6F6 respectively increased the temperature of R5F1, R8F4, R6F4, R6F6 in 15cm soil layer at 15cm, R5F1, R8F4, R6F4, R6F6, compared with CK, respectively. In the early stage of maize growth (seedling stage and jointing stage), the effect of this temperature increase was more significant, and the effect of R5F1 + R8F4 + R6F6 + R6F6 was higher than that of CK in the early stage of maize growth (seedling stage and jointing stage). The rain-ridge rainwater harvesting technique can improve the soil moisture status significantly, and with the increase of the mulching ratio (ridge width), the soil water storage in the treatment R5F1C / R8F4R6F4R6F6 is increased by 11.759.809.41and 7.51, respectively compared with the CK, but in the dry years, The increase of mulching ratio (ridge width) will aggravate the soil water consumption of spring maize in the critical stage of water, and lead to the decrease of soil water storage. 3.The furrow catchment planting is based on the increase of ridge width and mulching ratio, which forms a wide and narrow planting pattern. By optimizing furrow width and mulching ratio, the water temperature condition of maize growth can be further improved. In two years, R5F1R8F4R6F4R6F6 increased the average yield of R5F1R8F4R6F6 compared with CK by 59.211and 49.330.The water use efficiency (WUEE) of R5F1R8F4R6F4R6F and the light energy use efficiency (RUE) were 97.222227.82m67.112N 61.88% and 38.42m26.4426.4427.5425.266.The R5F1R8F4R6F4Rue and R6F4 treatment had the best effect on improving Rue (grain yield) in two years, with the average of 0.57% and 0.53 in two years.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S152

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