不同施肥处理对马铃薯土壤有机质含量及微生物区系的影响

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:14

本文关键词： 生物有机肥有机质土壤微生物芽孢杆菌马铃薯　出处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】初步探明不同施肥处理对土壤有机质含量和微生物区系的影响.【方法】在甘肃省定西市安定区布置了生物有机肥定位试验,采用平板计数法对可培养微生物进行了数量统计.【结果】施用生物有机肥的处理其0~20cm土壤有机质含量高出对照22.2%~46.9%,且以100%生物有机肥的T3处理变化幅度最大;20~40cm土壤有机质高出对照14.5%~48.8%,施用生物有机肥的T3、T4处理变化幅度大致相同;不同施肥处理间土壤微生物区系也发生了明显的变化,凡是施用生物有机肥的处理(T3和T4)在大多数生育期内可培养细菌数量显著高于对照(T1)和化肥处理(T2)(P0.05),增加幅度分别达到了66.1%~118.8%和13.0%~50.3%,以有机无机配施的T4效果最大;土壤中施入生物有机肥减少了可培养真菌的数量,减少幅度分别达到了31.7%~66.7%和30.2%~89.6%;施用生物有机肥增加了可培养放线菌的数量,增加幅度分别达到24.1%~79.1%和15.6%~50.6%;不同施肥处理土壤中芽孢杆菌数量的效果与细菌结果非常一致,施用生物有机肥的处理芽孢杆菌数量高于对照(T1)和化肥处理(T2),增加幅度分别达到了56.4%~91.5%和25.4%~64.6%,且生物有机肥配合化肥处理的效果最为显著.在整个生育期内,对照(T1)和单施化肥的处理(T2),芽孢杆菌优势度成降低趋势,而施用生物有机肥的处理(T3、T4)芽孢杆菌优势度成升高趋势.【结论】只要向土壤施入生物有机肥,就可提高表层和深层土壤的有机质含量;施用生物有机肥提高了土壤细菌,放线菌和芽孢杆菌的数量,减少了真菌的数量;施用生物有机肥的土壤更有利于芽孢杆菌增殖,从而提高土壤的生物活性.
[Abstract]:[objective] to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil organic matter content and microflora. [methods] Bio-organic fertilizer location test was conducted in Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The quantity of culturable microorganism was counted by plate counting method. [results] the organic matter content of 0 ~ 20cm soil in the treatment of biological organic fertilizer was higher than that of the control 22.2N 46.9, and T3 treatment of 100% biological organic fertilizer had the largest change in soil content of 20 ~ 20 ~ 40 cm. The content of organic matter was higher than that of the control, and the change range of T3N T4 treated with biological organic fertilizer was about the same. The soil microflora of different fertilization treatments also changed obviously. The number of culturable bacteria in the treatment of biological organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that in the control (T1) and chemical fertilizer treatment (T2 + P0. 05) during most growth periods, the increase was 66.1% and 13.0%, respectively. The effect of T4 with organic and inorganic combination was the greatest. The amount of culturable fungi was reduced by 31.7% and 30.2% respectively by applying bio-organic fertilizer, and the number of culturable actinomycetes was increased by applying bio-organic fertilizer. The increase ranges were 24.1% and 15.6%, respectively. The effect of different fertilization treatments on the number of Bacillus in soil was very consistent with that of bacteria. The number of bacillus treated with bio-organic fertilizer was higher than that of control (T1) and chemical fertilizer treatment (T2N), with the increase of 91.5% and 25.4%, respectively, and the effect of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was the most remarkable. The dominant degree of Bacillus in the control group T1) and single fertilizer treatment T2N decreased, while that of Bio-organic fertilizer treatment T3T4) increased. [conclusion] only the application of bio-organic fertilizer to the soil could increase the dominant degree of Bacillus spp. [conclusion] Bio-organic fertilizer should be applied to the soil as long as the bioorganic fertilizer is applied to the soil. The organic matter content of surface and deep soil can be increased by applying bio-organic fertilizer, the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and Bacillus in soil is increased, and the number of fungi is reduced, and the soil with bio-organic fertilizer is more conducive to the proliferation of Bacillus spp. In order to improve the biological activity of soil.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2015CB150501) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004)
【分类号】：S153.6;S154.3

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