规模化养猪场废弃物处理过程中氮素损失特征及降低氮损失途径研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 18:08

本文选题：养分　切入点：猪场废弃物　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了给畜禽粪便在农田的合理施用以及养殖场废弃物污染控制提供科学依据,结合已有研究成果,探讨了规模化养猪场废弃物在出舍、堆积、高温堆肥、厌氧发酵和沼液贮存5个处理单元的氮素损失。得到的农业循环体系提供动物排泄物从收集到回田整个循环过程中养分的利用及损失情况,为整个体系提供准确的数据和参数。本论文主要内容研究如下:①统计基地养殖场养殖数量及粪尿产量。统计8个月基地所产生的鲜猪粪的总量,所用于的项目和每个项目所用量。②对猪场N素排泄量计算,并且对比饲料入口养分总量与排泄养分对比。③从干清粪条件下粪便回收率三个方面来评价粪便收集过程中N损失。④从堆放过程中的温度变化、堆放过程中氨的挥发速率及氨损失、铵态氮和硝态氮三个方面来评价粪便堆放过程中的N损失。⑤从堆肥温度变化、水分含量变化、全氮及C/N比变化三个方面来评价粪便堆肥过程中的N损失。结合数据综合分析得到:在清扫出舍单元,畜禽粪便中的氮约有20%～35%的损失。临时堆积单元,畜禽粪便中的氮损失率变幅较大(0.1%～60%),直接影响了后续各环节的氮素利用率。资源利用处理时,氮损失降幅约为36%而且厌氧发酵比高温好氧堆肥更有利于畜禽粪便中氮素的保留。在沼液贮存单元,全氮及铵态氮含量降低显著是的进入农田的氮量降低了 16%～59%。最后在出去了各单元损失的氮,畜禽粪便中约有6%～80%的氮可以还田利用。结论:为了实现可持续发展,我们必须建立健全环境风险评价及预警机制,并且在此基础上发展生态型畜牧养殖业。
[Abstract]:In order to provide scientific basis for the rational application of livestock and poultry manure in farmland and the pollution control of livestock farm waste, combined with the existing research results, the waste of large-scale pig farm was compost in the shed, pile up, and high temperature compost. The nitrogen loss of 5 treatment units of anaerobic fermentation and biogas liquid storage. The obtained agricultural recycling system provides the utilization and loss of nutrients during the whole process of collecting animal excreta and returning to the field. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The total amount of fresh pig manure produced by the base for 8 months was counted. For the projects used and for the amount of .2 per project used to calculate the amount of N excretion from pig farms, The total nutrient intake and excretion nutrients were compared. 3 the temperature change of N loss .4 in the process of fecal collection was evaluated from three aspects: the recovery rate of feces under the condition of dry and clean feces, and the change of temperature in the process of stacking. The ammonia volatilization rate and ammonia loss during composting process, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the process of composting were evaluated from three aspects: compost temperature, moisture content, nitrogen loss and nitrogen loss. The total nitrogen and C / N ratio changes were used to evaluate the N loss in the compost process. Combined with the data analysis, it was concluded that the nitrogen loss in the excrement of livestock and poultry was about 20% and 35% in the cleaning out unit. The rate of nitrogen loss in livestock and poultry feces varies by 0.1% to 60%, which has a direct impact on the nitrogen utilization ratio of the following links. The loss of nitrogen was reduced by about 36% and anaerobic fermentation was more beneficial to the retention of nitrogen in animal manure than aerobic composting at high temperature. The decrease of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content is that the amount of nitrogen entering the farmland is reduced by 16%. Finally, after the loss of nitrogen in every unit is out, about 60% of the nitrogen in the manure of livestock and poultry can be returned to the field for use. Conclusion: in order to achieve sustainable development, We must establish and improve the environmental risk assessment and early warning mechanism and develop ecological animal husbandry on this basis.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713

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