有机物料处理对沙化土壤碳氮及微生物活性的影响

发布时间：2018-03-03 22:10

本文选题：有机物料　切入点：土壤碳氮　出处：《宁夏大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宁夏地处我国西北内陆农牧交错带,属于中温带半干旱大陆性气候。现有沙化土地1.26×104km2,占宁夏总面积的24.3%。荒漠化不仅使当地居民的生活环境受到影响,而且已经成为制约宁夏经济与社会可持续发展的瓶颈因素。因此,修复沙化土壤,促进生态恢复对该地区意义重大。本研究选取宁夏常见的几种有机物料,以宁夏银川腹部沙化土壤为研究对象,设置三种不同处理类型,即：A)土壤中添加同一质量分数(5%)的7种不同类型有机添加物；B)土壤中添加不同添加比例(0%/CK、2%、5%、8%、11%)的同一种有机添加物；C)同一有机物料的在土壤改良中的不同处理方式(粉碎物覆盖、枝条覆盖、粉碎物添加、粉碎物添加+枝条覆盖)。研究了处理1年以后的沙化土壤含水量、土壤碳氮、微生物数量、土壤酶活性以及微生物碳氮的变化。主要研究结果如下：1.与对照相比,添加不同类型有机添加物料处理除对土壤含水量和pH值影响不显著外伊0.05),均能显著提高不同深度(0～10cm、10～20cm)有机碳、全氮、土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、纤维素酶)、微生物数量(细菌、放线菌、真菌)和微生物量碳氮含量(P0.05),且各指标含量均随深度的增加而逐渐升高；但不同材料对提高的效果存在一定差异,不同类型有机添加物料修复沙化土壤综合评价指数排序为：添加槐树枝条粉碎物添加小麦秸秆粉碎物添加榆树枝条粉碎物添加稻壳添加葡萄枝条粉碎物添加杨树枝条粉碎物添加有机肥对照。2.与对照相比,添加不同比例同一种有机添加物料处理均能显著(P0.05)提高不同深度(0～ 10cm、10～20cm)土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、土壤酶活性(过氧化氢、脲酶、纤维素酶)、微生物数量(细菌、放线菌、真菌)和微生物量碳氮含量,且均随添加比例的增加呈上升趋势,各处理之间pH差异不显著(P0.05),但总体呈下降趋势,各项指标含量随深度的增加而逐渐增加。添加不同比例同一种有机添加物料修复沙化土壤综合评价指数排序为：11%杨树枝条粉碎物8%杨树枝条粉碎物5%杨树枝条粉碎物2%杨树枝条粉碎物对照。3.与对照相比,5%杨树枝条粉碎物添加和5%杨树枝条粉碎物添加+枝盖处理能显著提高不同深度(0～10cm、10～20cm)有机碳、全氮、微生物数量(细菌、放线菌、真菌)、土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、纤维素酶)和微生物量碳氮含量(P0.05),而降低土壤pH；枝条粉碎物覆盖和枝条覆盖处理能不同程度提高含水量、有机碳、土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、纤维素酶)、微生物量碳含量和pH,而降低微生物数量(细菌、放线菌、真菌)和微生物量氮含量,但差异不显著(除杨树枝条粉碎物覆盖处理含水量)(P0.05)；不同处理各项指标含量随深度的增加而逐渐增加。不同有机材料不同处理方式修复沙化土壤综合评价指数排序为：5%杨树枝条粉碎物添加+枝盖5%杨树枝条粉碎物添加杨树枝条粉碎物覆盖杨树枝条覆盖对照。研究结果表明,有机物料添加处理均能提高不同深度土壤的贮水能力、碳氮含量及微生物活性,但添加材料类型、添加比例及处理方式对土壤性质影响的效果有所不同。从微生物学角度推测,利用农林业废弃有机物料改良沙化土壤效果明显。可以在这方面进一步加强研究,为未来沙地治理提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Ningxia is located in China's northwest ecotone, belonging to the temperate semi-arid continental climate. The existing desertified land of 1.26 * 104km2, Ningxia accounted for 24.3%. of the total area of desertification is not only the living environment of local residents affected, and has become the bottleneck factors restricting the sustainable development of economy and society in Ningxia. Therefore, restoration of desertification the soil, promote the ecological restoration in the region of great significance. This study selected several common organic materials in Ningxia, Ningxia to Yinchuan abdominal sandy soil as the research object, setting three different types, namely: A) adding the same mass fraction in the soil (5%) of the 7 different types of organic additives; B) in soil adding different proportion (0%/CK, 2%, 5%, 8%, 11%) of the same kind of organic additives; C) of different treatments in soil improvement in the same organic material (product coverage, branch coverage, crushed Tim Plus, add crushed branches covering). + on the sandy soil moisture after 1 years, soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity and microbial carbon and nitrogen changes. The main results are as follows: 1. compared with the control, adding different types of organic material processing in addition to soil moisture and pH no significant effect of Iraq 0.05), was significantly increased at different depths (0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm) of organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase), microorganism (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (P0.05), and the content of all indexes were gradually increased with depth; but there are some differences in improving the effect of different materials, different types of organic material added to the restoration of the sandy soil comprehensive evaluation index is: add add crushed crushed wheat straw added Yu tree branches Branches of the crushed rice husk add crushed poplar branches add add crushed add organic fertilizer.2. compared with adding different proportion of grape branches, with an added organic material treatment can significantly improve (P0.05) at different depths (0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm) of soil moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase), microorganism (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, and increased with the adding proportion increased, pH was not significantly different between the treatments (P0.05), but the overall downward trend, increasing the content of each index decreased with depth increased. Adding different proportions of the same kind of organic material added to the restoration of the sandy soil comprehensive evaluation index: 11% poplar branches crushed 8% poplar branches crushed 5% poplar branches crushed 2% poplar branches crushed and to control.3. CK, 5% poplar branches crushed and added 5% branches of poplar branches add crushed + cover treatment could significantly improve the different depth (0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm) of organic carbon, total nitrogen, number of microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi), soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase) microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content (P0.05), and decreased soil pH; branches and branches covering crushing cover treatment can enhance the different levels of water content, organic carbon, soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase), microbial biomass carbon content and pH, and reduce the microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) and microbial biomass nitrogen content, but the difference was not significant (except poplar branches crushed covering water) (P0.05); different treatment increased the content of each index with depth increased. Different organic materials are not the same way to repair the sandy soil comprehensive evaluation index Order: 5% branches of poplar branches cover 5% + add crushed poplar branches add crushed poplar branches crushed covered poplar branches covering control. The results show that the addition of organic materials could enhance the water storage capacity of different depth of soil carbon, nitrogen content and microbial activity, but add the type of material, effect the adding proportion and treatments on soil properties have different effects. That from the perspective of Microbiology, waste organic materials improved obviously by sandy soil in agriculture and forestry. Can further strengthen the research in this area, to provide a theoretical basis for future sand control.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6;S154.3

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