基础地力对黄壤区粮油高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 18:21

本文选题：黄壤　切入点：基础地力　出处：《中国农业科学》2017年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】黄壤是中国重要的地带性土壤,黄壤区粮油作物的高产、稳产和可持续生产对于地区粮食安全和经济民生至关重要。研究黄壤区主要粮油作物基础地力特征,评价地力对粮油作物高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响,为黄壤耕地地力保育和区域作物绿色生产提供依据。【方法】依托于2006—2013年测土配方施肥项目在黄壤区开展的3 515个田间试验(马铃薯434个、油菜525个、玉米1 318个、水稻1 238个),调查每个试验点无肥对照(CK)和氮磷钾肥(N2P2K2)处理作物产量;基于作物估计方法,分析了粮油基础地力产量和地力贡献率特征;采用直线拟合和边界线分析评价了基础地力对作物施肥产量及产量差的影响;采用稳定性指数和可持续性指数评估了基础地力对产量稳定性和可持续性的影响。【结果】黄壤区马铃薯、油菜、玉米和水稻平均基础地力产量分别为10.8、1.13、4.57和5.73 Mg·hm~(-2),平均地力贡献率分别为50.8%、49.0%、59.0%和70.8%;基础地力产量越高,地力对作物施肥产量的贡献率越大。作物施肥产量与基础地力产量显著正相关,马铃薯、油菜、玉米和水稻施肥产量与基础地力产量的直线拟合方程决定系数分别为0.476、0.284、0.382和0.366(P0.001)。边界线分析结果表明,马铃薯、油菜、玉米和水稻4种作物的施肥产量潜力分别为42.8、4.07、11.8和12.4 Mg·hm~(-2);随着基础地力的提升,作物施肥产量差降低,产量的稳定性和可持续性增加。【结论】提升基础地力能够提升作物施肥产量,降低产量差,有利于黄壤区粮油作物的高产、稳产和可持续生产。
[Abstract]:[objective] Yellow soil is an important zonal soil in China. The high yield, stable yield and sustainable production of grain and oil crops in yellow soil region are very important for regional food security and people's livelihood. To evaluate the impact of soil fertility on high yield, stable yield and sustainable production of grain and oil crops, [methods] A total of 3 515 field trials (434 potatoes, 525 rapeseed and 1 318 maize) were conducted in yellow soil region by the soil testing and fertilizer application project from 2006 to 2013. 1 238 rice (CK) and N2P2K2 (N, P, K) treatments were investigated in each experiment site, and based on crop estimation method, the characteristics of basic soil yield and contribution rate of grain and oil were analyzed. The effects of basic soil fertility on crop fertilization yield and yield difference were evaluated by linear fitting and boundary line analysis. The effects of basic soil fertility on yield stability and sustainability were evaluated by using stability index and sustainability index. [results] Potato and rape in yellow soil region, The average basal soil yield of maize and rice were 10.8mg 路hmmc-2 and 5.73 mg 路hmc-2, respectively, and the average contribution rates of soil fertility were 50.8% and 70.8%, respectively. The higher the basal yield, the greater the contribution of soil fertility to crop fertilization yield, and the significant positive correlation was found between crop fertilization yield and basal soil yield. The linear regression coefficients of fertilization yield and basal soil yield of potato, rape, maize and rice were 0.476n0.2840.382 and 0.366mP0.001g, respectively. The results of boundary line analysis showed that potato and rape were determined by linear regression equation. The yield potential of maize and rice were 42.8% 4.0711.8 and 12.4 mg 路hm ~ (-2), respectively. With the increase of basic soil fertility, the difference of crop fertilization yield decreased, and the stability and sustainability of crop yield increased. [conclusion] raising basal soil fertility can increase crop fertilization yield. Reducing the yield difference is beneficial to the high yield, stable yield and sustainable production of grain and oil crops in yellow soil region.
【作者单位】：贵州省土壤肥料研究所;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站;西南大学资源环境学院;贵州省农业科学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD06B04) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030) 贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(黔农科院自主创新专项)(2014007)
【分类号】：S158

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