减量施磷对温室菜地土壤磷素积累、迁移与利用的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 22:27

  本文选题：温室蔬菜　切入点：减量施磷　出处：《中国农业科学》2017年20期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】针对过量施磷问题,定位研究日光温室蔬菜生产磷肥减施潜力,明确适宜施磷范围。【方法】以北方温室蔬菜主栽种类黄瓜和番茄为研究对象,采用冬春茬黄瓜-秋冬茬番茄种植模式,在基础土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)40.2 mg·kg~(-1)下,设计不施磷肥(P0)、减量施磷(P1)和农民常规施磷量(P2)3个磷肥用量水平。P0、P1、P2处理对应黄瓜单季施磷肥(P_2O_5)0、300、675 kg·hm~(-2),番茄单季施磷肥(P_2O_5)0、225、675 kg·hm~(-2)。3年6季定位研究蔬菜生产磷素盈亏、土壤有效磷供应与迁移,分析产量变化,推荐合理施磷范围。【结果】(1)农民常规施磷量年盈余磷480.0 kg P·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),每盈余磷100 kg P·hm~(-2)主根区0—20 cm土层Olsen-P增加2.7mg·kg~(-1),3年0—20 cm土层Olsen-P平均含量70.2 mg·kg~(-1),2010年番茄季0—20 cm土层磷素饱和度(DPSM3)为80%,磷素土壤深层迁移明显。(2)减量施磷较农民常规磷量下降61.1%,3年磷素盈余量下降71.0%—77.3%,0—20 cm土层Olsen-P含量下降18.6%—43.5%,3年均值为49.3 mg·kg~(-1),接近瓜果类蔬菜Olsen-P农学阈值,关键生育期磷素吸收量无显著变化,产量保持在中高水平不降低;经过3年种植,0—20 cm土层DPSM3下降21个百分点,20—60 cm土层Olsen-P平均含量下降9.3%—30.1%,减施磷肥有效缓解了土壤磷素深层迁移。(3)不施磷肥导致土壤磷素亏缺,蔬菜从土壤中每攫取磷100 kg P·hm~(-2),P0处理0—20 cm土层Olsen-P含量下降3.4 mg·kg~(-1),3年0—20 cm土层Olsen-P平均含量30.5 mg·kg~(-1),虽产量没有显著降低,但是2008年番茄高产下(140 t·hm~(-2))磷素吸收量较P1、P2处理下降19.8%—30.0%,产量呈降低趋势。(4)依据上述推荐:土壤有效磷含量≥40 mg·kg~(-1)的温室,冬春茬黄瓜产量水平170 t·hm~(-2)下施用P_2O_5不宜超过300 kg·hm~(-2),秋冬茬番茄产量水平100 t·hm~(-2)下施用P_2O_5不宜超过225 kg·hm~(-2)。【结论】华北平原温室蔬菜生产减施磷肥潜力较大。对于种植一段时间(≥3年)的温室,较农民常规减施磷60%,可以显著改善磷素盈余状况,缓解土壤有效磷积累,降低土壤磷素深层迁移量,保证黄瓜番茄持续中高产水平生产。
[Abstract]:[objective] to solve the problem of excessive phosphorus application, the potential of phosphorus fertilizer reduction in greenhouse vegetable production was studied, and the suitable range of phosphorus application was determined. [methods] Cucumber and tomato, the main greenhouse vegetable species in North China, were taken as the research objects. The planting pattern of cucumber with winter and spring stubble and tomato in autumn and winter was used under the basic soil available phosphorus (Olsen-Pu 40.2 mg 路kg ~ (-1)). The three levels of P fertilizer. P0, P0, P 1) and P 2) were designed. P0 P1P 2 treatments were applied to Cucumber P2O5 0 0 0 N P fertilizer per season, and to tomato P 2 O 5 0 225 N 6 75 kg 路hm 2 per season. The profit and loss of vegetable production were studied in 3 6 seasons, and the effects of P 2 O 5 P fertilizer on P 0 O 0 2 O 2 P 0, P 1 P 1 P 1 and P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P P 1 P 1 P P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 / P fertilizer per season were compared. Soil available phosphorus supply and migration, analysis of yield changes, [results] A reasonable range of phosphorus application was recommended. [results] the average annual surplus P of 480.0 kg P 路hm ~ (-2) 路a ~ (-1) per 100 kg P 路hm ~ (-2)) was increased by 2.7 mg 路kg 路kg ~ (-1) of Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil layer of main root area, the average Olsen-P content of 0-20 cm soil layer in 3 years was 70.2 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) of Olsen-P, and in 2010, the phosphorus saturation of 0-20 cm soil layer in tomato season was increased by DPSM3). The P application decreased by 61.1 and 71.0-77.3cm, and the Olsen-P content of 0-20cm soil layer decreased by 18.6- 43.55.The annual average value was 49.3 mg 路kg ~ (-1), which was close to the threshold value of Olsen-P for melon and fruit vegetables. There was no significant change in P uptake at the key growth stage, and the yield remained at a medium and high level. After 3 years of planting, DPSM3 of 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 21 percentage points or 20-60 cm soil layer, the average content of Olsen-P in 20-60 cm soil layer decreased by 9.3% -30.1. The application of reduced phosphate fertilizer effectively alleviated the deep migration of phosphorus in soil. The content of Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil layer decreased 3.4 mg 路kg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) for every 100 kg P 路h ~ (-1) P ~ (2 +) P _ (2) P _ 0, and the average Olsen-P content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer for 3 years was 30.5 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) P ~ (-1), although the yield did not decrease significantly. But in 2008, the P uptake of tomato decreased 19.8-30.0and the yield showed a decreasing trend compared with P1P _ 2 treatment.) according to the above recommendation: soil available phosphorus content 鈮，

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