运用外生殖器及基因条形码特征对新疆常见蝗虫的分类鉴定研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 19:43

本文选题：蝗虫　切入点：新疆　出处：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：蝗虫是直翅目蝗总科昆虫,其种类繁多,可适应多种生境,对农业、畜牧业生产等造成重大危害。新疆蝗虫种类占全国的1/7,严重危害了人们的生产、生活。预防蝗灾的首要问题是识别蝗虫种类,提出因地制宜的防治措施。本研究运用蝗虫雄性外生殖器的形态特征对蝗虫的种类进行识别,运用蝗虫的形态指标对其生活型进行划分,基于基因条形码技术对新疆常见蝗虫及不同地理种群蝗虫遗传分化情况进行研究,准确识别蝗虫种类,掌握蝗虫遗传分化情况,为更好地预防蝗灾奠定理论基础。本研究得出以下三种结论:(1)通过对蝗虫雄性外生殖器比较解剖,4科12属16种蝗虫的雄性外生殖器均不相同,其主要差异表现在:阳具基背片锚状突、冠突和后突,阳具复合体的色带基支、阳茎基瓣、阳茎端瓣,测量其形态指标并进行主成分分析,区分蝗虫雄性外生殖器的主要性状有:阳具基背片锚状突外侧间距、阳具基背片长宽比、后突内测间距、阳具复合体长宽比。(2)对蝗虫9个形态指标进行测量,运用聚类分析对16种新疆常见蝗虫的个体大小进行划分,分为大、中、小3个类群,利用主成分分析明确了蝗虫生活型的判定性状主要有体宽、体宽与体高的比值、颜顶角。根据其判定性状将16种蝗虫的生活型划分为四类:植栖型、地栖型、植栖偏地栖型、地栖偏植栖型。(3)对新疆常见18种蝗虫及7种不同地理种群的蝗虫线粒体DNA进行提取、PCR扩增、检验、DNA纯化、测序,得到其COI基因序列。序列经校正,多序列比对,构建进化树并得到遗传距离和碱基组分。对18种新疆草原蝗虫COI基因序列分析,研究结果与形态分类学结果基本一致,仅蓝斑翅蝗存在差异。槌角蝗科先于网翅蝗科相聚,再与斑腿蝗科聚类,最后与斑翅蝗科聚为一支,表明了各科蝗虫的亲缘关系远近;7种不同地理种群蝗虫中意大利(Calliptamus italicus L.)、黑腿星翅蝗(Calliptamus barbarus Costa)、黑条小车蝗(Oedaleus decorus decorus Germar)、蓝斑翅蝗(Oedipoda caerulescens L.)、伪星翅蝗(Metromerus coelesyriensis G.-T.)的供试地理种群均存在遗传分化,其变异种群分别为:阿图什、玛纳斯、哈巴河,米东区、哈密、哈巴河,乌苏、阿勒泰、塔城、和丰,乌市,巴里坤。而供试不同地理种群的红胫戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus kraussi Ingen.)、石砾束颈蝗(Sphingonotus maculatus petraeus Bei-Bienko)不存在遗传分化。
[Abstract]:Locusts are species of Orthoptera, which can adapt to many habitats and cause great harm to agriculture and animal husbandry. The species of locusts in Xinjiang account for 1 / 7 of the whole country, seriously endangering people's production. Life. The first problem in preventing locust infestation is to identify the species of locusts and put forward measures to prevent locust. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the male genitalia of locusts were used to identify the species of locusts. Based on the genetic barcode technique, the genetic differentiation of common locust and locust in different geographical populations in Xinjiang was studied, and the species of locust was identified accurately, and the genetic differentiation of locust was grasped. In order to lay a theoretical foundation for better prevention of locust infestation, the following three conclusions: 1) the male genitalia of 16 species of locusts belonging to 12 genera, 12 genera and 4 families are different from each other by comparative dissection of the male genitalia of locusts (4 families, 12 genera, 16 species). The main differences were as follows: Anchorage process, coronal process and posterior protrusion of the dorsal basal plate of the penis, the cardinal branches of the chromoid band, the stem flap and the terminal valve of the positive stem of the complex. The morphological indexes were measured and the principal component analysis was carried out. The main characters to distinguish the male genitalia of locusts were as follows: the outer distance of Anchorage, the ratio of length to width, the distance between the posterior protrusions and the ratio of length to width of the parasite complex. The 9 morphological indexes of locusts were measured. The individual size of 16 common locusts in Xinjiang was divided into three groups by cluster analysis. The main characters of life type of locusts were determined by principal component analysis: body width, ratio of body width to body height. According to its judging characters, the life types of 16 species of locusts were divided into four categories: vegetative type, terrestrial type, plantlet type, and zoobenthous type. The mitochondrial DNA of 18 species of grasshopper and 7 species of locust from different geographical populations in Xinjiang were extracted and amplified by PCR. The COI gene sequence was obtained by purification and sequencing. The sequence was corrected and compared with that of multiple sequences. Phylogenetic tree was constructed and genetic distance and base components were obtained. The results of COI gene sequence analysis of 18 species of grasshoppers in Xinjiang grassland were consistent with the morphological taxonomy results, but there were differences among them. And then cluster with the family Acridae, and finally with the Acridae into a branch, The phylogenetic relationship of the grasshopper was far and near. The genetic differentiation was observed in the populations of Calliptamus italicus L., Calliptamus barbarus Costaa, Oedaleus decorus decorus Germara, Oedipoda caerulescens L., Metromerus coelesyriensis G.T.among the seven species of grasshopper in various families. The genetic differentiation was found in the populations of Calliptamus italicus L., Calliptamus barbarus Costaer, Oedaleus decorus decorus Germara, Oedipoda caerulescens L., and Metromerus coelesyriensis G. T. The mutant populations are: Atush, Manas, Haba, Midong, Hami, Haba, Usu, Altay, Tacheng, Hafeng, Wucheng, However, there was no genetic differentiation between Sphingonotus maculatus petraeus Bei-Bienkoo and Sphingonotus maculatus petraeus of Sphingonotus maculatus Bei-Bienko. from different geographical populations of Draciostaurus kraussi Ingen.and Sphingonotus maculatus petraeus Bei-Bienko.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.2

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