黄土高原典型支流淤地坝拦沙对输沙量减少的贡献

发布时间：2018-03-08 05:27

本文选题：淤地坝　切入点：拦沙量　出处：《中国水土保持科学》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为探明淤地坝拦沙作用对河流输沙量变化的影响,依据淤地坝作用年限、坝控面积、坝控流域侵蚀产沙模数及淤地坝排沙率,确定淤地坝拦沙量的估算方法,并结合2009年淤地坝安全大检查数据,分析黄土高原典型支流淤地坝拦沙对输沙量减少的贡献。延河与皇甫川淤地坝在不同年代的拦沙量分别在92.48万~854.35万t/a与36.47万~1 138.75万t/a之间,淤地坝拦沙量占人类活动影响的比例在一级和二级突变后分别为29.1%、28.5%与8.4%、18.2%;2000年以后延河与皇甫川输沙量减幅均达到85%以上,而淤地坝拦沙量的贡献率分别小于10%和20%。淤地坝的拦沙作用已不是目前输沙量减少的主要因素,但由于土壤侵蚀环境的不同,淤地坝在皇甫川对输沙量减少的贡献比在延河要大。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the influence of silting dam on the change of river sediment transport, according to the years of silt dam action, dam control area, erosion sediment yield modulus of dam control basin and sediment discharge rate of silt dam, the estimation method of sediment retention capacity of silt dam is determined. Combined with the data of 2009 silt dam safety inspection, the contribution of silt retention by typical tributaries of Loess Plateau to the decrease of sediment transport is analyzed. The sediment retention amounts of Yanhe and Huangfuchuan silt dams in different years are 924,800 ~ eight million five hundred and forty-three thousand and five hundred t / a and 364,700 ~ 11.387,500 t / a, respectively. After the first and second order mutation, the proportion of sediment retention in silt dam was 29.15% and 8.4%, respectively, and the decrease of sediment transport in Yanhe and Huangfuchuan reached more than 85% after 2000. The contribution rate of silt dam is less than 10% and 20 respectively. The sediment retention effect of silt dam is not the main factor of sediment discharge reduction at present, but due to the difference of soil erosion environment, the sediment retention rate of silt dam is less than 10% and 20 respectively. The contribution of silt dam to sediment discharge in Huangfuchuan is greater than that in Yanhe.
【作者单位】：中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;安徽省水利部淮委水利科学研究院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目课题“黄土高原生态修复的土壤侵蚀效应与控制机制”(2016YFC0501604) 国家自然科学基金“黄丘区坡面退耕与淤地坝对坡沟系统侵蚀产沙的阻控机理”(41371280) 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金“黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕坡面植被恢复对淤地坝拦淤潜力的影响”(20130204110025)
【分类号】：S157

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