长期施肥土壤的粘粒矿物组成变化及其与土壤酸度关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 15:39

本文选题：长期施肥　切入点：粘粒矿物　出处：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究是以吉林农业大学长期定位试验的土壤为研究对象,通过X-射线衍射分析和化学分析对长期施肥土壤的粘粒矿物组成、土壤矿物全量及其与土壤酸度的关系进行研究,结果表明:(1)长期施肥土壤的粘粒矿物组成类型主要有:伊利石、伊蒙混层矿物、高岭石以及少量的蒙脱石、绿泥石和蛭石;粘粒矿物主要以伊利石和伊蒙混层矿物为主,二者含量和的平均值为87.5%,与未施肥土壤相比增加了1.6%。此外,长期施肥可使土壤粘粒中高岭石和伊利石的含量减少,而绿泥石、蛭石、伊蒙混层矿物的含量增加。不同施肥处理下,粘粒的矿物含量有所不同;其中,除单施N肥、N/P配施之外,其它施肥处理下的蒙脱石含量均有不同程度的增加。(2)长期施肥土壤粘粒的矿质全量组成以SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主,三者含量和的平均值为75%,与未施肥的土壤相比增加了2.3%。长期施肥可使土壤粘粒的TiO2含量降低,而其它组分的含量会有不同程度的增加。不同施肥处理下,化学组分含量的变化有所不同;其中,N/K和N/P配施可使SiO2含量降低,单施N肥和N/P/K配施可使Al2O3含量降低,单施P肥、P/K和N/P/K配施可使CaO含量降低;N/P配施可使TiO2含量升高,单施K肥和N肥可使P2O5含量降低。(3)长期施肥土壤的粘粒矿物组成与土壤的pH、交换性酸、交换性H+、阳离子交换量等具有一定的相关性。其中,长期施肥土壤的pH和阳离子交换量的降低,促进了矿质全量中Fe2O3含量的增加;长期施肥土壤的pH、交换性H+和阳离子交换量的降低,促进了高岭石含量的增加;土壤的pH、阳离子交换量的降低,阻碍了绿泥石含量的增加。综上可知,长期施肥土壤粘粒矿物的种类没有变化,但不同种类粘粒矿物在含量上具有一定的差异性,说明长期施肥土壤的粘粒矿物组成和矿质全量与土壤酸度变化具有一定的联系。
[Abstract]:In this study, the clay mineral composition, the total amount of soil minerals and the relationship between soil acidity and clay mineral composition of long-term fertilized soil were studied by means of X- ray diffraction and chemical analysis, taking the soil of Jilin Agricultural University as the research object. The results showed that the clay minerals in the soil were mainly composed of Illite, Illite, immondite, kaolinite and a small amount of montmorillonite, chlorite and vermiculite, and the clay minerals were mainly Illite and Illite. In addition, long-term fertilization can reduce the content of kaolinite and Illite in clay, while chlorite, vermiculite, and vermiculite. The mineral content of the mixed layer of eummonium is increased. The mineral content of clay is different under different fertilization treatments. The content of montmorillonite increased in different degree under other fertilization treatments. (2) the total mineral composition of soil clay under long-term fertilization was mainly Sio _ 2 Al _ 2O _ 3 and Fe2O3. The average value of the sum of the three components is 75, which is 2.3% higher than that of the unfertilized soil. Long-term fertilization can decrease the TiO2 content of soil clay, while the other components will increase in varying degrees. The change of chemical component content is different, in which N / K and N / P combined application can decrease SiO2 content, N fertilizer and N / P / K combined application can decrease Al2O3 content, and P / K and N / P / K combined application can decrease CaO content and increase TiO2 content. Single application of K and N can reduce P _ 2O _ 5 content.) the clay mineral composition of long-term fertilization soil has certain correlation with soil pH, exchangeable acid, exchangeable H, cation exchange capacity and so on. The decrease of pH and cation exchange capacity in long-term fertilized soil promoted the increase of Fe2O3 content in total mineral content, and the decrease of pH, exchangeable H and cation exchange capacity in long-term fertilized soil promoted the increase of kaolinite content. The decrease of soil pH and cation exchange capacity hindered the increase of chlorite content. The results showed that the clay mineral composition and total mineral content of long-term fertilized soil were related to the change of soil acidity.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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