吉林省长春市农业水污染问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 02:02

本文选题：农业水污染　切入点：农村经济　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水污染问题一直是人们极为关注的一种环境污染现象，也是我们多年来一直试图解决的问题。人们在探讨污染源的问题上往往以工业生产和城市生活造成的水污染源为主，其实农业面污染源也是不可轻视和忽略的。从环境保护的角度来分析，水污染主要是指由人类活动产生的污染物而造成的。它主要有三大污染源：工业污染源、生活污染源和农业污染源。而其中前两者被称为点污染源，农业废水由于其进入水体的方式是无组织的又被称为面污染源。农业作为国民经济发展的基础，对于宏观经济发展具有不可替代的作用。2003年开始，为了打破长期制约我国农业发展的刘易斯二元经济结构，国家将“三农问题”作为政策关注的焦点问题，力图通过国家政策倾斜解决困扰我国经济发展的“三农问题”，我国农业发展问题也随之受到广泛关注，农业迅速发展。然而，在大力发展农业的过程中，虽然现代农业所占比重较高，但是以传统农业为主的粗放的农业发展方式仍然是我国农业发展的主流，由于缺乏科学、可持续的指导思想，加之现实经济、社会等条件制约，农业快速发展的过程中农业污染问题凸显，成为制约我国农业与生态环境协调发展的重要问题。而在农业污染中，农业水污染尤为严重。我国作为以水稻种植为主的国家，传统农业粗放灌溉包括过度施肥、施药等造成了农业水污染问题越发严重，成为制约我国农业与生态环境协调发展的重要问题。此外，我国作为一个水资源空间、时间分布严重不均衡，人均水资源总量极低的国家，农业水污染问题也进一步引起了国家的用水危机、粮食生产危机，而农业水污染作为水体污染的重要方面，如何在大力发展农业的前提下解决农业水污染问题尤为必要。本文通过对各类农业发展较为均衡的农业大省首府长春市农业水污染问题进行研究，分析目前长春市农业水污染存在的普遍问题，并进一步解析其成因，在此基础上提出相应的解决思路及对策建议，希望为相关研究做出贡献。全文共分6章：第一章：绪论，主要论述本文研究背景、研究目的、研究意义及国内外研究现状，，论述本文研究思路及研究方法。第二章：相关概念界定及理论基础，主要介绍了农业水污染的种类及特征，并从理论角度分析了农业水污染对农村经济发展的影响。第三章：长春市农业用水现状和水资源存在的问题，主要介绍了长春市农业用水现状及农业水资源存在问题。第四章：长春市农业水污染成因，从包括区位情况、企业发展情况、农业发展情况等角度对长春市农业水污染成因进行分析，为对策建议奠定理论基础。第五章：应对长春市农业水污染问题措施，主要介绍了应对长春市农业水污染问题的原则，并结合长春市农业水污染问题成因提出了包括修建河道，降低排放量，提高河水自净能力；引进先进技术，合理排放污水；科学合理种植，控制农用化肥投放量；构建城、镇、乡、村一体化污水处理体系；完善农村公共设施建设，配备粪尿分流系统；加大政府宣传，从根本上提高人民环保意识等在内的对策建议。第六章：结论。
[Abstract]:The problem of water pollution is an environmental pollution phenomenon is of great concern to people, but also over the years we have been trying to solve the problem. People in the study of pollution source problems are often in industrial production and the city life caused by water pollution sources, agricultural non-point pollution source is in fact should not be underestimated and neglected.
To analyze from the perspective of environmental protection, water pollution mainly refers to pollutants produced by human activity caused. It has three main sources: industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and domestic pollution source. While the former two are called point sources of pollution, agricultural waste water into the water because of the way is free the organization is also known as the source of pollution.
As the foundation of the national economic development of agriculture, the macro economic development has irreplaceable role.2003 the beginning of the year, in order to break the long-term constraints of agricultural development in China Lewis two yuan of economic structure, the state will "three rural issues" is the focus of attention of the policy, according to the national policy to solve the problems of economic development of our country agriculture "problem of agricultural development in China has also attracted widespread attention, the rapid development of agriculture. However, in the process of developing agriculture in modern agriculture, although the proportion is higher, but in the traditional agricultural industry is dominated by the extensive agricultural development is still the mainstream of China's agricultural development, due to the lack of scientific guidance, sustainable in addition, the real economy, restricting the social conditions, highlighting the problems of agricultural pollution in the process of the fast development of agriculture, restricting our country agriculture and ecological environment. The important issue of the development of adjustment.
In agricultural pollution, agricultural pollution is particularly serious in our country. As to planting rice as traditional agriculture country, extensive irrigation including excessive fertilization, spraying and other problems caused by agricultural water pollution is more serious, has become the important problem that restricts the development of agriculture and the ecological environment in China. In addition, China is a water space time distribution of resources, serious imbalance, the total amount of water resources per capita is extremely low, the problem of agricultural water pollution also caused the national water crisis, grain production and agricultural water pollution crisis, as the important part of the water pollution, how to develop the agriculture under the premise of solving the problems of agriculture water pollution is particularly necessary in this paper. Through the study of the problem of agricultural water pollution of agricultural development more balanced capital of agricultural province Changchun, analysis of the current Changchun city common problems of agricultural water pollution, and One step is to analyze the causes, and on this basis, the corresponding solutions and suggestions are put forward to contribute to the related research.
The full text is divided into 6 chapters.
The first chapter is introduction, which mainly discusses the background, purpose, significance and status of research at home and abroad, and discusses the ideas and methods of this study.
The second chapter: the definition and theoretical basis of related concepts. It mainly introduces the types and characteristics of agricultural water pollution, and theoretically analyzes the impact of agricultural water pollution on rural economic development.
The third chapter: the current situation of agricultural water use and the existing problems of water resources in Changchun. It mainly introduces the current situation of agricultural water use and the existing problems of agricultural water resources in Changchun.
The fourth chapter: the cause of agricultural water pollution in Changchun. From the perspective of location, business development and agricultural development, we analyze the causes of agricultural water pollution in Changchun, and lay a theoretical foundation for countermeasures and suggestions.
The fifth chapter: to deal with the problem of water pollution Changchun agricultural measures, mainly introduced the problems of agricultural water pollution to Changchun city principle, and combined with the causes of agricultural water pollution problems Changchun proposed including the construction of channel, reduce emissions, improve water purification capacity; the introduction of advanced technology, reasonable discharge of sewage; scientific and reasonable control of agricultural planting. Fertilizer amount; construction of city, town, township, village integrated wastewater treatment system; improve the rural public infrastructure construction, equipped with waste diversion system; strengthen the government propaganda, countermeasures and suggestions to improve people's awareness of environmental protection, fundamentally.
The sixth chapter: the conclusion.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X71

【参考文献】