吉林省不同生态区玉米施氮效果与氮肥利用效率差异

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:37

本文选题：吉林省　切入点：生态区　出处：《土壤学报》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验,选取不施氮和推荐施氮处理数据,研究不同生态区玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率现状,探讨区域差异及其影响因素。结果显示,吉林省不同生态区的玉米产量水平差异显著,总体上以中部半湿润平原区最高,其次是东部湿润山区,西部半干旱平原区相对较低。不同生态区玉米施氮效果也存在差异,其中东部最高,施氮的平均增产量与增产率分别为2.44 t hm-2和38.4%,其次为中部(2.40 t hm-2,34.3%),西部则显著偏低(2.21 t hm-2,33.4%)。相比中、西部地区,东部地区玉米的氮肥利用效率显著较高,其平均氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和肥料贡献率分别为16.6 kg kg-1、65.9 kg kg-1和25.0%。随不施氮处理产量的提高,各生态区施氮处理产量均呈上升趋势而氮肥贡献率呈下降趋势,其中,西部地区的相对变幅较中、东部地区更为明显。可见,应根据区域气候环境条件和施氮响应特征对氮肥进行合理的配置与施用,建议吉林中部地区以维持作物需求为标准适当减少施氮量,东部地区可适度增加施氮量并配合栽培措施以消减光温资源不足对产量的限制,而西部地区应在培肥地力基础上推广高效节水用水技术,发挥水氮耦合效应以促进高产高效。
[Abstract]:The field experiment of "3414" in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2013 was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application and fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize in different ecological areas, and to explore the regional differences and their influencing factors. The yield levels of maize in different ecological areas of Jilin Province were significantly different. In general, the middle half humid plain was the highest, followed by the eastern humid mountain area, and the western semi-arid plain was relatively low. There were also differences in the effect of nitrogen application on maize in different ecological areas. The average yield and yield rate of N application were 2.44t hm-2 and 38.4 t respectively in the east, followed by 2.40t 路h ~ (-2) 路m ~ (-2) 路min ~ (-3) C in the middle part, and (2.21 t 路m ~ (-2)) ~ (33. 4) C ~ (33) in the west, respectively. Compared with the western region, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of corn in the eastern region was significantly higher than that in the western region. The average agronomic utilization efficiency, partial productivity and contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer were 16.6 kg kg kg 路kg -1 ~ (-1) kg-1 and 25.0 kg / kg, respectively. With the increase of yield of no nitrogen application treatment, the yield of nitrogen application treatment showed an upward trend and the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer decreased in all ecological areas. The relative variation in the western region is more obvious than in the eastern region. It can be seen that the rational allocation and application of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out according to the regional climatic and environmental conditions and the characteristics of nitrogen application response. It is suggested that in the central region of Jilin Province, the amount of nitrogen should be reduced according to the standard of maintaining crop demand, and that the amount of nitrogen applied in the eastern region could be increased moderately and combined with the cultivation measures in order to reduce the restriction on the yield caused by the shortage of light and temperature resources. In the west of China, high efficiency water-saving water use technology should be popularized on the basis of fertilizing soil fertility, and the coupling effect of water and nitrogen should be brought into play in order to promote high yield and high efficiency.
【作者单位】：吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室;吉林省土壤肥料总站;
【基金】：国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201103003)资助~~
【分类号】：S513;S143.1

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