基于移动GIS的金寨县耕地养分管理信息系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 03:06

本文选题：移动GIS　切入点：PDA　出处：《安徽农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业是我国国民经济的命脉和基础。从长期来看,我国农业面临着耕地面积较少、农业生产中不合理的施肥现象、施肥技术相对落后、广大农民很难实行科学施肥等问题。大部分农民的科学施肥意识薄弱,过量施肥、盲目施肥的现象非常普遍。为了解决农民在施肥中遇到的问题,农业部、财政部于2005年做出在全国范围内开展测土配方施肥技术推广工作的重大决策以来,全国各地相继开展县域测土配方施肥工作。因此,为了摸清耕地地力情况,提高耕地地力评价工作效率,提高科学施肥水平,各地相关部门已逐渐形成了大量有价值的科学数据。近年来,以移动智能终端(PDA)为载体的移动GIS技术发展迅速,并体现出在田间精准施肥查询、农田信息采集与查询等方面的潜在优势。本文是将测土配方施肥技术与移动GIS技术进行结合,对成果数据进行整合和处理,研究并建立了基于移动GIS的金寨县耕地养分管理信息系统。主要取得以下研究成果:(1)两种常见的养分插值方法即克里格和反距离加权插值方法研究,以金寨县有机质为实例,通过交叉验证,比较可以得出结论:插值精度上Kriging大于IDW,选择最佳的插值方法。(2)运用地统计分析功能对金寨县县土壤养分中全氮、有机质、有效磷和速效钾进行空间变异分析,四种养分均为中等变异性,变异系数大小依次为有效磷速效钾全氮有机质,其中有效磷变异性最大,速效钾的标准差较大,说明其在研究区范围内含量差异很大。(3)应用第二次土壤普查氮磷钾养分分级标准,确立丰缺指标,研究区域施肥模型,以金寨县小麦为例,根据土壤养分的高中低不同水平,再结合“3414”试验参数和金寨县农民施肥经验值,用模型算出合理的施肥配方和追肥量,最终绘制出小麦施肥配方分区图。并运用养分平衡法研究采样点的精准施肥模型。(4)数据库的建立:对系统中的属性数据库和空间数据库进行构建,最后通过同名字段实现属性数据库和空间数据库的连接和统一管理。(5)本系统选用Android操作系统,通过离线和在线两种获取方式,具体实现了基于移动GIS的耕地养分管理信息系统,并对系统的地块属性、采样点属性、配方施肥、GPS定位查询和快速查找、配方计算器、作物受害图谱、配套文档资料等模块功能进行了详细介绍。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the lifeblood and foundation of our national economy. In the long run, China's agriculture is faced with less cultivated land, unreasonable fertilization in agricultural production, and relatively backward fertilization techniques. It is very difficult for the vast number of farmers to carry out scientific fertilization and other problems. Most farmers have a weak sense of scientific fertilization. The phenomenon of excessive fertilization and blind fertilization is very common. In order to solve the problems encountered by farmers in fertilization, the Ministry of Agriculture, Since 2005, when the Ministry of Finance made a major decision to popularize the technology of soil testing formula fertilization in the whole country, the county soil formula fertilization work has been carried out one after another throughout the country. Therefore, in order to find out the situation of cultivated land fertility, In recent years, the mobile GIS technology with mobile intelligent terminal as carrier has developed rapidly because of improving the efficiency of farmland land fertility evaluation and improving the level of scientific fertilization, and the relevant departments in various places have gradually formed a large amount of valuable scientific data. It also shows the potential advantages in the field precision fertilization query, farmland information collection and query, etc. This paper combines the technology of compound fertilization with the technology of mobile GIS to integrate and process the result data. A nutrient management information system for cultivated land in Jinzhai County based on mobile GIS is studied and established. Two common nutrient interpolation methods, Kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation, are obtained as follows: Kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation, taking the organic matter of Jinzhai County as an example. Through cross validation, we can draw a conclusion that the interpolation accuracy is higher than that of IDW, and the best interpolation method is chosen. The spatial variation analysis of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil nutrients of Jinzhai County is carried out by using the function of geostatistical analysis. All the four nutrients were of moderate variability, and the coefficient of variation was in turn the available phosphorus and available potassium total nitrogen organic matter, among which the available phosphorus variability was the greatest, and the standard deviation of available potassium was larger. The results showed that the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was very different in the study area. (3) the standard of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied in the second soil census, the index of abundance and deficiency was established, and the regional fertilization model was studied. Taking wheat in Jinzhai County as an example, according to the different levels of soil nutrients in high, middle and low levels, Combined with "3414" test parameters and the experience value of fertilization of farmers in Jinzhai County, the rational fertilization formula and the amount of topdressing were calculated by using the model. Finally, the partition map of wheat fertilization formula was drawn, and the establishment of precision fertilization model. 4) database of sampling points was studied by nutrient balance method. The attribute database and spatial database of the system were constructed. Finally, through the field of the same name to realize the connection and unified management of attribute database and spatial database, the system chooses Android operating system, and realizes the farmland nutrient management information system based on mobile GIS by offline and online acquisition methods. The functions of the system, such as plot attribute, sampling point attribute, GPS location query and quick search, formula calculator, crop victimization map, supporting documents and so on, are introduced in detail.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S158;S127;TP311.52

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