穗分化期旱涝急转对双季超级杂交稻物质积累和产量形成的影响

发布时间：2018-03-12 15:17

本文选题：双季超级杂交稻　切入点：穗分化期　出处：《中国农业气象》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：采用桶栽方式,以超级杂交早稻品种(淦鑫203)、超级杂交晚稻品种(五丰优T025)为材料,于穗分化初期设置不旱不涝(对照CK)、轻旱不涝(T11)、重旱不涝(T2)、不旱轻涝(T3)、不旱重涝(T4)、重旱轻涝(T5)、重旱重涝(T6)、轻旱轻涝(T7)和轻旱重涝(T8)处理,分析各处理产量及其构成因素、干物质积累与分配和净光合速率等指标。结果表明:(1)"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转"使超级杂交早、晚稻单株产量不同程度下降,早稻T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7和T8单株产量分别比CK降低8.89%、21.42%、8.33%、12.04%、19.65%、31.23%、15.39%和17.29%,晚稻分别降低6.21%、15.06%、7.77%、11.53%、17.40%、20.85%、13.46%和11.70%,早、晚稻以T2和T6处理产量下降较多,尤其T6处理产量降幅最大,表明单纯前期轻旱(T1)和后期轻涝(T3)对产量的影响相对较小,而单纯前期重旱(T2)和后期重涝(T4)对产量的影响相对较大,T2比T4对产量的影响更大,且重旱重涝处理下水稻单株产量存在一定程度的叠加减产效应。产量构成上,早、晚稻产量下降的主要原因是较大幅度降低了单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率和二次枝梗数,各处理对产量构成的影响规律与单株产量大致相同。(2)早、晚稻"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转"等处理结束初期与CK比较,其茎、叶干物质量均不同程度下降,其中早、晚稻成熟期T6处理穗干物质量分别比CK下降33.40%、19.88%,表现为穗型变小。(3)"旱"、"涝"及"旱涝急转"使早、晚稻叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)降低,其中早、晚稻均以T6处理的SPAD值降幅最大,且与CK一直呈显著性差异。(4)至抽穗期,早、晚稻叶片净光合速率均以T6处理最低,分别比CK下降37.57%、10.17%。研究结果说明,生长前期重旱后期急转重涝对早、晚稻成熟期穗部干物质量及总干物质量的影响最大,重旱重涝急转表现为叠加损伤效应。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the super early hybrid rice (Ganxin 203Li) and super late hybrid rice (Wufeng you T025) were used as materials. In the early stage of panicle differentiation, no drought and waterlogging (CK, light drought and waterlogging, T11), heavy drought and waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought and no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought and no waterlogging, and no drought and waterlogging. Dry matter accumulation and distribution, net photosynthetic rate and so on. The results showed that "drought", "waterlogging" and "rapid transformation of drought and flood" made super hybrid early and late rice yield decreased in different degrees. The yield per plant of early rice T1, T2T2T2OT4T4T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively, was lower than that of CK by 8.89 and 21.42, respectively, and the yield of late rice was decreased by 15.39% and 17.29%, respectively, by 15.21% and 17.29%, respectively, and by 6.21%, 15.067.777.777.777.5317.4020.855.45% and 11.70%, respectively. In the early morning, the yield of late rice treated with T2 and T6 decreased more, especially the T6 treatment, with the largest decrease in yield, The results showed that the effect of T1) and T3) on yield was relatively small, while the effect of T2) and T4) on yield was greater than that on T4. The main reason for early and late rice yield decline was that the effective panicle number per plant and the total grain number per panicle were greatly reduced. The effects of seed setting rate and secondary branch number on yield composition of each treatment were similar to that of yield per plant. The dry weight of stem and leaf decreased in different degrees in the early stage of drought, waterlogging, drought and waterlogging of late rice, compared with CK. The dry matter quality of ear of T6 treatment decreased 33.40% ~ 19.88% than CK in early and late rice maturation stage, which showed that the panicle type became smaller. 3) "drought", "waterlogging" and "drought and waterlogging" made the chlorophyll content of late rice leaf lower than that of CK, and the content of chlorophyll in leaves of late rice decreased (Spad value). In late rice, the SPAD value of T6 treatment decreased the most, and there was significant difference from CK to heading stage. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves in early and late rice was the lowest in T6 treatment, which was 37.57 and 10.17 lower than CK, respectively. The effects of heavy drought and heavy waterlogging on ear dry weight and total dry matter mass in early and late rice maturing stage were the biggest, and heavy drought and heavy waterlogging turned into superimposed damage effect.
【作者单位】：江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省超级稻工程技术研究中心/双季稻现代化生产协同中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(314771441;30860136) 江西省科技支撑项目(2010BNA03600) 江西省教育厅项目(GJJ14283)
【分类号】：S42;S511.42

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