不同灌溉模式下广西崇左蔗田土壤动物群落研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 16:25

本文选题：土壤动物群落　切入点：土壤理化性质　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：节水灌溉能增强土壤的储水能力,提高土壤的营养条件,改善蔗田土壤的微环境。为了探讨不同灌溉模式对广西蔗田土壤动物群落结构的影响,在广西崇左市江州区糖料蔗节水灌溉试验区设置地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌、微喷5种灌溉处理以及无灌溉空白对照共6个样地,自2015年5月至11月(甘蔗的五个生长期:分蘖期、伸长初期、伸长盛期、伸长后期、成熟期)对土壤动物群落及土壤理化性质进行了调查。本研究主要结果如下:(1)本研究共捕获大型土壤动物、中小型土壤动物3526头,隶属于2门10纲26目48科。其中优势类群为膜翅目、弹尾目和蜱螨目。常见类群为双翅目、等翅目、双翅目幼虫和鞘翅目。(2)大型土壤动物的类群数和密度在成熟期最高;中小型土壤动物类群数在甘蔗成熟期最高,密度在甘蔗伸长盛期最高。不同灌溉模式各样地土壤动物类群数的差异不显著(P0.05),但密度的差异显著(P0.05)。灌溉处理样地的土壤动物密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(E)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)均高于无灌溉样地,Simpson优势度指数(C)呈现相反趋势。地埋滴灌和喷灌样地的土壤动物密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(E)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)显著高于其它样地(P0.05)。。(3)土壤动物不同土层间的密度差异明显,0-5 cm层中小型土壤动物密度为25012 ind.m-2,是5-10 cm层中小型土壤动物密度的1.3倍,是10-15 cm层中小型土壤动物密度的2.3倍,土壤动物多集中于在0-5 cm 土层活动。不同灌溉模式样地土壤动物均具有较明显的表聚性,可见灌溉模式对改变土层的表聚性规律没有影响。但是不同灌溉模式样地同一土层之间类群数以及密度的差异均显著(P0.05),可见灌溉模式对蔗田土壤动物垂直结构的影响主要表现在不同土层内土壤动物类群以及密度的显著增加。(4)不同灌溉模式下大型土壤动物生长期动态变化幅度较小。密度水平最高的地埋滴灌和喷灌样地大型土壤动物密度仍呈现成熟期密度最大,分蘖期密度最小的规律,而其它灌溉模式样地的生长期发生了不同程度的变化。说明地埋滴灌和喷灌有利于增强大型土壤动物群落结构的稳定性。不同灌溉模式下中小型土壤动物生长期动态变化波动大。中小型土壤动物不同灌溉模式密度呈现的生长期动态变化均不同,但分蘖期的密度偏低。(5)不同灌溉模式对蔗田土壤理化性质有显著影响(P0.05)。地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌、微喷样地的土壤含水率、有机质、速效磷以及速效钾均高于无灌溉样地,且地埋滴灌与喷灌样地达到最高。其中土壤含水率与土壤有机质与土壤动物群落关系密切。土壤含水率、土壤有机质对大型土壤动物密度以及其优势类群膜翅目影响显著(P0.05),含水率、对中小型动物密度以及其优势类群膜翅目和蜱螨目影响显著;土壤有机质对中小型土壤动物密度、类群数、优势类群膜翅目和蜱螨目影响显著(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Water saving irrigation can increase the soil water storage capacity, improve the nutritional conditions of the soil, improve the micro environment of sugarcane soil. In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation patterns on soil animal community structure in sugarcane field in Guangxi, Guangxi in Chongzuo Jiangzhou sugarcane irrigation test area is buried drip irrigation, drip irrigation, pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro 5 kinds of spray irrigation and non irrigation control a total of 6 samples, from May 2015 to November (five growth periods: Sugarcane tillering stage, elongation stage, elongation stage, elongation stage and mature stage) on soil animal community and soil physicochemical properties were investigated. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) in this study were captured in large soil animal, small and medium sized soil animal 3526, belonging to 2 phyla, 10 classes and 26 orders and 48 families. The dominant groups were Hymenoptera, Collembola and Acarina. Common groups were Diptera, Isoptera, Diptera larvae and sheath Homoptera. (2) the number of groups and the highest density of large soil animal in the mature stage; in the small number of soil animal groups in sugarcane maturity highest density at the elongation stage. The highest difference of number of soil animal groups in different kinds of irrigation mode was not significant (P0.05), but the density difference (P0.05) soil animal density plots of irrigation, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (E) and Margalef index (D) were higher than those of non irrigated plots, Simpson dominance index (C) showed the opposite trend. Buried drip irrigation and Sprinkler Irrigation Soil animal density, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (E) and Margalef index (D) was significantly higher than that of other samples (P0.05). (3) soil animal density differences between the different layers, 0-5 cm layer of small and medium sized soil animal density is 25012 ind.m-2, 5-10 cm layer 1.3 times the small soil animal density, is 2.3 times the 10-15 cm layer of middle small sized soil animal density, soil animal are more concentrated in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Soil animal samples were different irrigation mode has obvious surface accumulation, no visible effects of irrigation on changing the soil surface aggregation rules. But different irrigation plots between the same group number of soil and density were significantly different (P0.05), visible effects of irrigation on the vertical structure of sugarcane soil animal is mainly manifested in the different soil layers in soil animal groups and density increased significantly. (4) under different irrigation patterns of large soil animal growth period. Small changes in dynamic amplitude density the highest level of underground drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation plots large soil animal density is still showing maturity density is the biggest, the smallest of the density of tillers, and the growth period of other irrigation plots occurred Different degrees of change. That buried drip and sprinkler irrigation is conducive to enhancing the stability of community structure of soil macro animal. Under different irrigation patterns in small soil animal growth period dynamic fluctuations. The growth period of dynamic small soil animal density of different irrigation modes present changes are different, but the tillering stage low density (5.) have significant effects of different irrigation modes on the physicochemical properties of soil in sugarcane field (P0.05). Subsurface drip irrigation, drip irrigation, pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro spray plots of soil moisture rate, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were higher than those in non irrigated plots and underground drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation plots reached the highest. The soil moisture content and soil organic matter and soil animal communities. There is close relationship between soil moisture content, effect of soil organic matter on large soil animal density and dominant groups were Hymenoptera (P0.05), water content of small animal Densities and their dominant groups were significantly influenced by Hymenoptera and acari. Soil organic matter had significant effects on the density, number of groups, dominant groups, Hymenoptera and acari of small and medium-sized soil animals (P0.05).

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S275;S154

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