作物推荐施肥方法研究进展

发布时间：2018-03-12 17:05

本文选题：施肥　切入点：环境　出处：《中国农业科技导报》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：科学的施肥方法是提高作物产量和肥料利用效率的重要措施。当前农业生产存在施肥不科学,肥料效率低下,单产水平低等问题,导致肥料资源浪费、环境风险增大、农产品品质下降等一系列后果。研究作物高效施肥理论与方法对于保障粮食安全、提高肥料利用率和保护生态环境安全具有重要意义。在当前作物施肥以及肥料利用率现状基础上,分析了不科学施肥对土壤、水体、大气、农产品品质和人体健康的影响,综述了基于土壤养分测试和地上部作物反应的两类推荐施肥策略,着重介绍了测土施肥法、肥料效应函数法、叶绿素仪、叶色卡、硝酸盐反射仪、冠层反射仪、植株症状诊断以及基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法,并建议在实践中应因地制宜,选择适用的推荐施肥方法,以达到协调作物产量、环境保护和农田可持续利用的共赢。
[Abstract]:Scientific fertilization method is an important measure to improve crop yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. At present, there are some problems in agricultural production, such as unscientific fertilization, low fertilizer efficiency and low yield per unit, which lead to waste of fertilizer resources and increase environmental risk. A series of consequences, such as the decline in the quality of agricultural products. Research on the theory and methods of efficient fertilization of crops can ensure food security. It is of great significance to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and to protect ecological environment safety. Based on the present situation of crop fertilization and fertilizer utilization efficiency, the effects of unscientific fertilization on soil, water body, atmosphere, quality of agricultural products and human health are analyzed. Two kinds of recommended fertilization strategies based on soil nutrient test and crop response were reviewed. The methods of soil fertilization, fertilizer effect function, chlorophyll meter, leaf color card, nitrate reflectometer and canopy reflectometer were introduced emphatically. Plant symptom diagnosis and recommended fertilization methods based on crop yield response and agronomic efficiency, and it was suggested that in practice, appropriate recommended fertilization methods should be selected in order to achieve coordinated crop yields. Environmental protection and sustainable use of farmland win-win.
【作者单位】：北京市农林科学院农业科技信息研究所;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室;北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所;
【基金】：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20140207;KJCX20150501);北京市农林科学院农业科技信息研究所基金项目(2015xxs002) 国家973计划项目(2013CB127405) 国际植物营养研究所平衡施肥项目资助
【分类号】：S147.2

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