秸秆及生物质炭应用于强还原灭菌法对砖红壤性质及温室气体排放影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:36

本文选题：强还原土壤灭菌法　切入点：秸秆　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)修复生物退化土壤上应用前景很好。但RSD处理过程中,添加大量有机物料使土壤结构和性质发生变化。土壤性质的改变可能导致土壤温室气体排放的变化。生物质炭是由秸秆等生物材料炭化而成,其对土壤也有很好的改良效果。近年来,由于连作及大量农用化学品的应用,海南土壤退化严重,尤其是生物退化,然而关于秸秆、生物质炭作为强还原土壤灭菌法的材料,应用于RSD过程以及RSD处理后,土壤性质和温室气体排放影响的报道较少。本文利用室内培养试验,研究RSD过程及处理后对土壤性质及温室气体排放的影响。试验设有空白(不加秸秆和生物质炭)、6种秸秆(水稻秸秆、甘蔗渣、玉米秸秆、花生秸秆、大豆秸秆、柱花草秸秆)、6种生物质炭(水稻炭、甘蔗渣炭、玉米炭、花生炭、大豆炭、柱花草炭)及6种秸秆+对应秸秆生物质炭,共19个处理。研究结果如下:1、秸秆、秸秆+生物质炭和生物质炭作为RSD中的有机物料,只有秸秆和秸秆+生物质炭混合能快速创造强还原条件,生物质炭则不能形成强的土壤还原环境。2、RSD过程,秸秆、秸秆+生物质炭和生物质炭均能显著提高土壤pH和有机碳含量,降低土壤速效磷含量。除甘蔗渣和甘蔗渣+甘蔗渣生物质炭不能显著提高速效钾含量外,其他处理均可以提高速效钾含量。3、RSD过程,秸秆(除了甘蔗渣外)能显著提高CO2排放。除水稻秸秆外,其他秸秆能显著降低土壤N2O排放。甘蔗渣处理土壤CH4排放与CK无差异,其他秸秆则大大促进CH4排放。秸秆处理土壤的综合温室效应大小顺序与CH4排放量高低顺序一致,都是花生秸秆柱花草秸秆玉米秸秆水稻秸秆大豆秸秆CK甘蔗渣。4、RSD过程中,秸秆+秸秆生物质炭(甘蔗渣混合外)显著提高土壤CO2排放,但CH4排放量与CK不显著。除水稻混合和柱花草混合外,其他混合处理能显著降低土壤N2O排放。各混合处理土壤CH4排放与CK无显著差异,且综合温室效应也与CK无差异。5、RSD处理后的土壤,秸秆(除水稻秸秆外)能显著提高壤N2O排放。各秸秆对土壤CO2排放也有促进作用,但对CH4排放没有显著影响。各秸秆处理土壤的综合温室效应显著高于CK。6、RSD处理后的土壤,甘蔗渣混合和大豆混合能显著提高土壤N2O累积排放量,其他混合处理土壤N2O累积排放量与CK无差异。各混合处理(大豆混合外)不能显著提高土壤CO2排放,且各混合处理也不能显著影响CH4排放。除甘蔗渣混合和大豆混合外,其他混合处理的综合温室效应与CK无显著差异。7、综上生物质炭不能形成强还原的土壤环境,因此生物质炭不能单独应用于RSD法。甘蔗渣混合在RSD过程中和处理后的综合温室效应与甘蔗渣的无显著差异,但是进入强还原还较慢,因此不建议甘蔗渣用作为RSD的有机物料;水稻秸秆+水稻生物质炭在RSD过程中的综合温室效应显著低于水稻秸秆的,RSD后两者无显著差异;其他秸秆+秸秆生物质炭的在RSD过程中的综合温室效应低于单独应用秸秆的处理,RSD处理后的综合温室效应仍以秸秆+秸秆生物质炭的为低。因此,建议在RSD中应用秸秆+秸秆生物质炭来代替秸秆单独应用。
[Abstract]:The strong reduction of soil sterilization method (RSD) to repair the biological degradation of soil on a very good application prospect. But the process of RSD, adding large amounts of organic material to the soil structure and the nature of change. The change of soil properties may lead to changes in greenhouse gas emissions. The biomass carbon is composed of straw and other biomass materials carbonization, which also has it may improve quality of soil. In recent years, due to the application of continuous cropping and a large number of agricultural chemicals, Hainan serious soil degradation, especially biological degradation, however, straw, biomass carbon as strong reducing soil sterilization of materials used in RSD process and after RSD treatment, few reports about the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties in this paper, using the indoor culture experiment. RSD, research process and treatment on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of test with blank (without straw and biomass carbon, 6 straw (water) Rice straw, bagasse, corn straw, peanut straw, soybean straw, straw, Stylosanthes) 6 kinds of biomass carbon (carbon rice, sugarcane bagasse charcoal, corn soybean peanut carbon, carbon, carbon, column flowers and 6 kinds of straw and peat) corresponding to biomass carbon, a total of 19 treatments. The results are as follows: 1, straw, straw and biomass carbon and biomass carbon as organic materials in RSD, only straw and straw + mixed biomass charcoal can quickly create strong reducing conditions, biomass carbon can not form a strong reduction of soil environment.2, RSD process, straw, straw and biomass carbon and biomass charcoal significantly increased soil pH and the organic carbon content, reduce the content of soil available phosphorus. In addition to bagasse and bagasse bagasse + biochar did not significantly increase the content of available potassium, other treatments can improve the potassium content of.3, RSD, straw (except bagasse outside) could significantly increase the CO2 emissions. In addition to water Rice straw and other straw could significantly reduce soil N2O emissions. Bagasse processing CH4 emissions and CK soil had no significant difference, the other straw improved CH4 emission. Straw soil comprehensive greenhouse effect in order of size and CH4 emission in the same order, are peanut straw column flowers straw corn straw rice straw soybean straw CK bagasse.4, RSD process, straw and straw biomass carbon (bagasse mixed) significantly increased soil CO2 emissions, but emissions of CH4 and CK was not significant. In addition to rice mixed and mixed Stylosanthes, other hybrid treatment can significantly reduce the soil N2O emissions. The emission of CH4 and CK in soil mixed with no significant the difference, and the greenhouse effect is no difference between.5 and CK, RSD treated soil, straw (except rice straw) can significantly improve the soil N2O emissions. The straw also has positive effect on soil CO2 emissions, but not significant on the emission of CH4 Effect of comprehensive treatment. The greenhouse effect of straw soil was significantly higher than that of CK.6, RSD treated soil, bagasse mixed and mixed soybean could significantly improve soil N2O cumulative emissions and other mixed soil N2O cumulative emissions and CK no difference. The hybrid (mixed soybean outside) can significantly improve soil CO2 emissions, and the mixed treatment does not significantly influence the emission of CH4. In addition to bagasse mixed and mixed soybean and other comprehensive greenhouse effect mixed treatment with CK.7 had no significant difference, so the biomass carbon can not form a strong reduction of the soil environment, therefore biochar alone cannot be used in RSD method. There was no significant difference in the greenhouse effect of bagasse mixture and after the RSD process and bagasse, but into a strong reduction is also slow, it is not recommended to use bagasse as organic materials RSD; rice straw + rice biomass carbon in RSD In the process of comprehensive greenhouse effect was significantly lower than that of rice straw, there was no significant difference between the two RSD; other straw and straw biomass carbon in RSD in the process of comprehensive application of straw treatment alone below the greenhouse effect, greenhouse effect after the treatment of RSD is still in the straw and straw biomass carbon is low. Therefore, suggestions for the application of straw + straw biomass carbon instead of straw used alone in RSD.

【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S156

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