黄土丘陵沟壑区潜在抗侵蚀植物分析

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:46

本文选题：抗侵蚀植物　切入点：土壤侵蚀　出处：《生态学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：基于对黄土丘陵沟壑区延河流域多年(2003—2014年)植被调查资料的整理分析,根据抗侵蚀植物定义及Braun-Blanquet植物社会学方法,筛选该区潜在的抗侵蚀植物,阐明不同抗侵蚀植物的分布特征及其生存繁衍能力。结果表明:1)共筛选出潜在的抗侵蚀植物42种,分属18科33属,禾本科、豆科、菊科、蔷薇科物种最多,占总物种数的66%。2)42种植物中85%的物种生活型为高位芽、地上芽和地面芽植物,76%的物种生长型为灌木/小灌木和多年生草本,78%的物种水分生态类型为旱生和中生;结合该流域的气候条件及42种植物的分布范围,可将其分成广幅种、中幅种、窄幅种3种类型。3)55%的物种最大盖度超过50%,可成为群落的建群种或单优种;其它最大盖度小于50%的物种多成为群落的共优种,这些物种具有较高的盖度和地上生物量,表明植物能适应该区侵蚀环境且长势较好。4)42种植物几乎都具有土壤种子库和幼苗库,60%的物种具有植冠种子库;除一年生植物,其他植物均可进行营养繁殖,表明潜在的抗侵蚀植物均能维持自身的生存繁衍。5)42种植物中有13种为主杆型植物,其较大的冠幅能够保护基部土壤;8种疏丛型植物具较强的保护土体和拦截沉积物能力;6种聚丛型和7种簇丛型植物能有效拦截沉积物。总之,只占研究区记录的总物种数13%的潜在抗侵蚀植物具有种子库和幼苗库,多年生植物以营养生殖为主,能维持自身的生存繁衍;由于植冠对其下土壤的保护和植物基部茎对沉积物的拦截,在植物基部能形成土堆,可有效控制土壤侵蚀。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of vegetation survey data of Yanhe River Basin in loess hilly and gully region, the potential erosion-resistant plants were screened according to the definition of anti-erosion plant and Braun-Blanquet plant sociology method. The results showed that there were 42 species of potential erosion-resistant plants, belonging to 18 families and 33 genera. The species of Gramineae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Rosaceae were the most. Among 66.242 species, 85% species are high bud, and 76% of above ground bud and surface bud plant are shrub / small shrub and perennial herbaceous plant. The water ecological types of them are drought and mesophyte. According to the climatic conditions and the distribution range of 42 species in the basin, the species can be divided into broad species, middle species and narrow species. The maximum coverage of 3 types. 355% of species is more than 50%, which can become a community species or a single superior species. Other species with a maximum coverage of less than 50% were the most common species of the community, and these species had higher coverage and aboveground biomass. The results showed that the plants could adapt to the erosive environment in this area, and almost all of the 42 plants had soil seed bank and seedling bank. 60% of the species had the seed bank of plant crown, and the other plants could reproduce nutritionally except the annual plants. The results showed that all the potential erosion-resistant plants could maintain their own survival and reproduction. 13 of the 42 species were mainly stem type plants. Its larger crown can protect the base soil of 8 species of sparse vegetation with strong ability to protect soil and intercept sediment. 6 kinds of cluster type and 7 species of cluster type plants can effectively intercept sediment. The potential erosion-resistant plants, which account for only 13% of the total species recorded in the study area, have seed banks and seedling banks, and perennial plants are mainly vegetative and reproductive, which can maintain their own survival and reproduction. Because of the protection of the soil under the plant crown and the interception of the sediment by the stem at the base of the plant, the soil heap can be formed at the base of the plant, which can effectively control soil erosion.
【作者单位】：中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;西北农林科技大学林学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(41371280,41030532)
【分类号】：S157

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