渠县耕地适宜性评价与农业布局优化

发布时间：2018-03-15 17:48

本文选题：耕地适宜性评价　切入点：K-均值　出处：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地是人类生存、农业生产和社会发展最重要的物质基础。在我国人多地少,人地矛盾日益突出的国情下,粮食安全问题依旧是我国不容动摇的主题,土地资源的稀缺性,就要求我们必须十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地,充分挖掘土地潜能。土地资源合理配置正是通过耕地适宜性评价结果作为决策依据,从而可以快速有效的优化农业布局。本文在阐明国内外相关研究现状,深入理解耕地适宜性评价的原则和内涵的基础上,将数学模型与地理信息系统相结合,以渠县60个乡镇划分为5大区,对该县的耕地适宜性做出评价。首先,以耕地图斑作为评价单元,联系自然条件、社会经济因素、农田水利条件,参考相关文献选取地形坡度、土壤质地、剖面构型、土壤酸碱度、土壤有机质、有效土层厚度、排水条件、灌溉保证率、田块形状系数、耕地利用指数、耕地经济指数等11个评价指标,结合适宜性评价指标体系的构建原则构建渠县耕地适宜性评价体系。然后,运用层次分析法(AHP)分别确定各个指标在水田、旱地、水浇地三种不同耕地类型中的权重,计算得出不同耕地类型的适宜性总分值,并借助SPSS软件,运用K-均值法对不同耕地类型的适宜性进行分级;本文将渠县耕地适宜性划分为4个等级:最高适宜(S1),较高适宜(S2),勉强适宜(S3)和不适宜(N)4类。结果表明:(1)渠县耕地总面积103184.89 hm2,其中最高适宜的耕地面积为14035.26 hm2,占耕地总面积的13.60%;较高的适宜性面积为33817.14 hm2,占耕地总面积的32.77%;其中38918.09 hm2的耕地勉强适宜,占耕地总面积的37.72%;有16414.40 hm2的土地不适宜耕作农作物,占耕地总面积的15.91%。总体上看,渠县耕地适宜性结构比较合理,大部分的耕地质量处在较高适宜和勉强适宜的状态,仍有部分耕地不适宜耕种,地形坡度、田块形状系数以及排灌条件是最主要的限制因子。(2)最后,将分类结果链接到Arcgis中,以图的形式直观地显示耕地适宜性类别、数量及地区分布。并在渠县土地利用现状的基础上,结合耕地适宜性评价结果,将研究区划分为五大农业区,东部林业产业区,南部核心发展区,中部高效农业区,西部休闲农业区,北部粮经主产区。按照各个区特色优化农业布局,改良发展途径。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the most important material basis for human survival, agricultural production and social development. Under the circumstances of our country's large population and less land, and the increasingly prominent contradiction between people and land, the issue of food security is still the unshakable theme of our country, and the scarcity of land resources. Therefore, we must cherish and make rational use of every inch of land and fully tap the potential of land. The rational allocation of land resources is based on the evaluation results of the suitability of cultivated land. Therefore, the agricultural layout can be optimized quickly and effectively. On the basis of expounding the current research situation at home and abroad and deeply understanding the principles and connotations of farmland suitability evaluation, this paper combines the mathematical model with the Geographic Information system (GIS). 60 villages and towns in qu County are divided into 5 regions, and the suitability of cultivated land in this county is evaluated. Firstly, the plot of cultivated land is taken as the evaluation unit, which is connected with natural conditions, social and economic factors, irrigation and water conservancy conditions, and the topographic slope is selected with reference to relevant literature. Soil texture, profile configuration, soil pH, soil organic matter, effective soil thickness, drainage conditions, irrigation guarantee rate, field shape coefficient, cultivated land utilization index, cultivated land economic index, and so on. Combining with the construction principle of suitability evaluation index system, the suitability evaluation system of cultivated land in Quxian county was constructed. Then, the weight of each index in three different types of cultivated land, paddy field, dry land and irrigated land, was determined by using AHP (Analytic hierarchy process). The total scores of suitability of different types of cultivated land were calculated, and the suitability of different types of cultivated land was classified by using K-means method with the help of SPSS software. In this paper, the suitability of cultivated land in Quxian County is divided into four categories: the highest suitable for S1, the higher for S2, and the less suitable for S3). The results show that the total area of cultivated land in Quxian is 103184.89 hm2.The highest suitable cultivated area is 14035.26 hm2, which is occupied by ploughing. The higher suitability area was 33817.14 hm2, which accounted for 32.77% of the total cultivated land area, and the 38918.09 hm2 cultivated land area was barely suitable. 16414.40 hm2 of land is not suitable for farming crops, accounting for 15.91% of the total area of cultivated land. Generally speaking, the suitability structure of cultivated land in qu County is relatively reasonable, and most of the cultivated land quality is in a state of high suitability and barely suitability. There are still some cultivated land not suitable for cultivation, terrain slope, field shape coefficient and irrigation and drainage conditions are the most important limiting factors. Finally, the classification results are linked to Arcgis to show the cultivated land suitability category intuitively in the form of map. On the basis of the present situation of land use in Quxian county and the results of farmland suitability evaluation, the study regionalization is divided into five major agricultural regions, the eastern forestry industry area, the southern core development area, and the central efficient agricultural region. The west leisure agriculture area, the northern grain economy main production area. According to each district characteristic optimizes the agriculture layout, improves the development way.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211;S151.9

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