京东板栗土壤养分变化及氮磷钾的产量效应

发布时间：2018-03-17 09:52

本文选题：燕山　切入点：京东板栗　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：京东板栗区位于燕山山脉,主要地层有太古界、元古界和新生界。板栗多生长在土壤母质为花岗片麻岩残坡积物的丘陵或台地上,土壤类型多为淋溶褐土。近年来,板栗种植面积逐渐增加,新品种逐渐替代老品种,生产施肥中凸显不科学施肥导致板栗树体生长过旺、果实空蓬率高、产量和品质降低等系列问题。针对上述问题,本文宏观上从地形地貌、土壤母质、成土时间、人为耕种施肥等影响土壤成土过程的主要因素为切入点,结合大面积的土壤养分测定,土壤养分现状与二次土壤普查结果进行比较,系统研究京东板栗区不同地质年代、地形地貌、土壤母质下的土壤养分状况,30年间土壤养分的变化。微观上采用氮、磷、钾和有机肥在板栗上产量和品质效应的肥料定位试验,系统研究氮、磷、钾和有机肥对板栗树生长、产量和品质的影响等。这对于解决板栗平衡施肥的理论与技术具有重要意义。主要研究结果:1随着海拔高度的逐渐降低土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量值逐渐增大,即:盆地台地低丘陵。2京东板栗区土壤养分现状:土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别为10.66~19.45 g/kg、0.76~0.93g/kg、8.38~22.10mg/kg、73.09~128.36mg/kg。1982-2012年间土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加0.66~2.25g/kg、0.14~0.25 g/kg、11.95~21.59mg/kg、6.05~60.34 mg/kg。百年栗树区土壤养分含量显著低于新栽栗树区。3施用氮、磷、钾肥显著增加板栗的产量,其中,氮素主要通过增加板栗树的栗蓬数和单蓬粒数、降低空蓬率而增产;磷素主要通过降低空蓬率而增产、钾素通过增加栗蓬数和单粒重来增产;氮磷钾对板栗产量的贡献率为:N、KP。有机肥与等量氮磷钾化肥比较,板栗产量无显著差异,6月份追施适量钾肥明显提高果重、降低空蓬率。5板栗树地上部各组织氮磷钾养分的分配:6年树龄板栗树地上部氮磷钾吸收量按100%计算,其中枝干吸收氮磷钾分别占到树体吸收氮磷钾总量的47.6%、59.2%、55.8%,叶片分别占22.6%、26.7%、14.4%,栗蓬分别占18.3%、4.7%、12.7%,栗果(栗仁和栗皮)分别占11.5%,9.4%,17.1%,其中栗仁分别占10.3%、9.0%、16.4%。6百公斤栗果所形成的果实(栗蓬、栗果)所含氮、磷、钾的量分别为3.85kg、0.58kg、1.11kg,其中栗蓬吸收量分别占58.9%、31.5%、31.8%,栗果(栗仁和栗皮)分别占41.1%、68.5%、68.2%,栗仁分别占38.0%、65.6%//66.8%。栗蓬全氮为1.05%、全磷为0.042%、全钾为0.14%;栗仁全氮为1.73%、全磷为0.24%、全钾为0.52%;栗皮全氮为0.73%、全磷为0.034%、全钾为0.081%。7当N、P2O5、K2O用量54kg/hm2时,土壤氮磷钾收支表观平衡均为盈,该立地条件6年左右树龄的板栗树N、P2O5、K2O推荐用量略低于54kg/hm2。
[Abstract]:JingDong Chestnut region is located in the Yanshan Mountains. The main strata are the Archean, Proterozoic and Cenozoic. Chestnut grows on the hills or terraces where the parent material is the residual slope of granitic gneiss, and the soil types are mostly leached cinnamon soil. The growing area of Chinese chestnut gradually increased, the new variety gradually replaced the old variety, and the unscientific fertilization in production resulted in a series of problems, such as excessive growth of chestnut tree body, high fruit cover rate, low yield and quality, etc. In this paper, the main factors affecting the soil forming process, such as topography and landform, soil parent material, soil forming time, artificial cultivation and fertilization, are taken as the breakthrough point, and combined with the determination of soil nutrients in a large area. The present situation of soil nutrients was compared with the results of the second soil survey, and the changes of soil nutrients under different geological ages, landforms, and parent materials were studied systematically in JingDong Chestnut region during the past 30 years. The effects of potassium and organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of chestnut were studied systematically, and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer on the growth of chestnut were systematically studied. The effects of yield and quality on yield and quality are of great significance to the theory and technology of balanced fertilization of Chinese chestnut. The main results of this study are that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil gradually increased with the increase of altitude of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. I. e.: the present situation of soil nutrients in the low hilly area of JingDong in the basin: soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 10.661.45 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 0.76 ~ 0.76 ~ 0.93 g / kg ~ (-1) 0.38% ~ 22.10 mg / kg ~ (-1) 73.09% ~ 128.36 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) during 1982-2012, respectively. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 0.66 ~ 2.25g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (0.25) g / kg ~ (11.95) ~ 21.59 mg / kg ~ (-1) 6.05 ~ 60.34 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) respectively. The nutrient content of soil in 100 years chestnut region was significantly lower than that in newly planted chestnut area (N, P, K), and the yield of Chinese chestnut was significantly increased. Nitrogen increased yield mainly by increasing the number of chestnut and monopodium seeds, phosphorus increased by reducing the percentage of chestnut, potassium increased by increasing the number of chestnut and single seed weight. The contribution rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the yield of chestnut was: 1. Compared with the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, there was no significant difference in the yield of chestnut. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) in the shoot tissue of chestnut tree were reduced by 5. 5%. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of shoot part of 6 years old chestnut tree was calculated as 100%. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by branches accounted for 47.6% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by trees, and 55.8% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the tree. The leaves accounted for 22.60.26.7% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the leaves accounted for 22.6m26.7% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the tree, respectively, and the chestnut trees (chestnut nuts and chestnut bark) accounted for 12.7% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the tree, and the chestnut kernels accounted for 10.3% 9.0kg of chestnut and 16.4.6 kg of fruit respectively. Chestnut) containing nitrogen, phosphorus, The amount of potassium was 3.85 kg / 0.58 kg / kg and 1.11 kg, respectively. The absorption amount of chestnut was 58.9% and 31.5%, respectively. Chestnut fruit (chestnut kernel and chestnut peel) accounted for 41.1% 68.58.2%, and chestnut kernel accounted for 65.6% / 66.8kg, respectively. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium were 1.0555, 1.042 and 0.14; the total nitrogen of chestnut was 1.73, the total phosphorus was 0.2424 and the total potassium was 0.52B. the total nitrogen of chestnut skin was 1.730.The total phosphorus was 0.242.The total potassium was 0.52kg. 0.73, total phosphorus 0.034, total potassium 0.081.7 when N P 2O 5 K 2O dosage 54 kg / hm 2, The apparent balance of N, P, K, N, P and K in the soil was all surplus, and the recommended amount of N, P, P, O and K _ 2O in the chestnut trees aged about 6 years was slightly lower than 54 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2).
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S664.2;S158

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