植物精油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性和杀螨机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 18:32

本文选题：朱砂叶螨　切入点：植物精油　出处：《山西农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)一种危害蔬菜、花卉、杂草及果树等多种经济作物和观赏性植物的重要害螨。由于其繁殖周期短、发育速度快使防治费用增加。本试验选择本课题组筛选得到的薰衣草油、肉桂油、迷迭香油、花椒油、藿香油测定了对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性；系统地评价了精油对雌成螨的产卵抑制作用;测定了精油对朱砂叶螨的熏蒸活性;并将使用Ethovision XT6行为分析软件观察亚致死剂量的精油熏蒸处理5日龄朱砂叶螨后的运动变化并精确地量化其运动参数。其主要结果如下：1.采用FAO触杀法时,藿香油的触杀活性最大。当浓度达到2%,处理时间延长至72 h,达98.15%,其次为薰衣草油处理(97.41%)和肉桂油处理(90.00%),迷迭香油处理最低仅为68.15%;采用喷雾触杀时,当精油浓度升高到2%,处理时间为48 h,对朱砂叶螨的死亡率以藿香油处理最高,达100.00%,其次为薰衣草油处理(86.67%),肉桂油处理最低为81.48%。2.精油用量达到2.5μL,熏蒸时间达到48 h时,对朱砂叶螨的死亡率以薰衣草油处理最高,达99.26%,其次为肉桂油处理(97.78%),花椒油处理最低仅为47.04%;用量为2.5μL时,对朱砂叶螨的产卵抑制率以迷迭香油处理最高,达98.50%,其次为薰衣草油处理(91.98%)和肉桂油处理(86.01%),花椒油处理最低仅为75.85%。用量为2.5μL时,对朱砂叶螨的产卵抑制指数以薰衣草油处理最高,达0.8531,其次为迷迭香油处理(0.7523)和花椒油处理(0.4253),肉桂油处理最低仅为0.3606;12h时4种精油的驱避活性顺序为：迷迭香油(98.44%)薰衣草油(86.67%)肉桂油(75.56%)花椒油(70.00%)。3.在采用行为仪试验的过程中观察得到,精油LC10暴露组的朱砂叶螨均表现为：自发运动轨迹增多、紊乱,并伴有刻板式转向活动增多,触壁反射活动减少；LC20和LC30暴露组的朱砂叶螨出现震颤现象,移动范围减小;以精油LC30暴露组表现更为明显。4. LC30, LC50和LC90藿香精油处理雌成螨4h后,蛋白酶和POD活性被激活,SOD活性被抑制。蛋白酶的激活率分别为10.96,47.70和62.92%,POD活性分别为对照的2.3,1.5和0.3倍,SOD的抑制率分别为：44.52,23.91和49.08%。LC30和LC50处理后CAT活性被激活,激活率分别为20.26和52.22%；LC90处理后CAT活性被抑制,抑制率为62.21%。5.在微乳液的制备中以CremopHor EL-40为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,形成微乳液能力较好。
[Abstract]:Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. an important pest to a variety of cash crops and ornamental plants such as vegetables, flowers, weeds and fruit trees. This experiment selected lavender oil, cinnamon oil, rosemary oil, prickly ash oil and patchouli oil, which were selected by our research group, to determine their contact activity against Tetranychus cinnabini. The oviposition inhibition effect of essential oil on female adult mites was systematically evaluated, and the fumigation activity of essential oil to Tetranychus cinnabarinus was determined. Ethovision XT6 behavior analysis software was used to observe the movement changes of 5-day-old Tetranychus cinnabarinus treated with sublethal dose of essential oil fumigation and to quantify its motion parameters accurately. The main results were as follows: 1.When using FAO contact killing method, Patchouli oil had the highest contact activity. When the concentration reached 2, the treatment time reached 98.15 hours, followed by lavender oil treatment 97.41%) and cinnamon oil treatment 90.00000 and rosemary oil treatment was only 68.150.When spray contact was used, When the concentration of essential oil increased to 2 and the treatment time was 48 hours, the mortality of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was the highest (100.005) in patchouli oil, followed by lavender oil (86.67) and cinnamon oil (81.48.2.). When the dosage of essential oil reached 2.5 渭 L and the fumigation time reached 48 h, The mortality of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was the highest (99.26%) in lavender oil, 97.78% in cinnamon oil, 47.04 in pepper oil, and the highest in rosemary oil (2.5 渭 L). It reached 98.50, followed by lavender oil treatment (91.98) and cinnamon oil treatment (86.01%). The lowest value of prickly ash oil treatment was 75.85.When the dosage of 2.5 渭 L was 2.5 渭 L, the oviposition inhibition index was the highest in lavender oil treatment. It was 0.8531, followed by Rosemary oil treatment 0.7523) and prickly pepper oil treatment (0.4253C), and cinnamon oil treatment was the lowest 0.3606U 12h. The order of repellent activity of the four essential oils was: Rosemary oil 98.44) lavender oil 86.67) cinnamon oil 75.56) Zanthoxylum capsicum oil 70.000.0.3.When the experiment was carried out by the behavioral instrument, the four essential oils had the following order of repellent activity: Rosemary oil 98.44) lavender oil 86.67) cinnamon oil 75.56). Observed in the process, In the essential oil LC10 exposure group, the mites showed increased spontaneous movement track and disorder, accompanied by the increase of stereotyped turning activity, the decrease of contact wall reflex activity in LC20 group and the LC30 exposure group showed tremor phenomenon, and the moving range was reduced. The female adult mites were treated with essential oil LC30 exposure group. LC30, LC50 and LC90 essential oil for 4 h, respectively. The activation rates of protease and POD were 10.96% 47.70 and 62.92%, respectively, and the inhibition rates of CAT activity were respectively 2.3% and 0.3 times higher than those of the control. The inhibition rates of CAT activity were: 1: 44.52% 23.91, 49.08%. LC30 and 49.08%, respectively, after treatment with LC50, the activity of CAT was activated. The activation rates were 20.26 and 52.22, respectively. The activity of CAT was inhibited after treatment with LC90, and the inhibition rate was 62.21. 5. In the preparation of microemulsion, CremopHor EL-40 was used as surfactant and anhydrous ethanol as cosurfactant to form microemulsion.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S433.7

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