长期有机无机肥配施对东北黑土真菌群落结构的影响

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:06

本文选题：施肥　切入点：真菌群落　出处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】分析长期有机无机肥配施对土壤真菌丰度、多样性及其群落特征的影响,探讨东北黑土真菌群落变化与施肥的相关性,为进一步调节土壤微生物结构,改善其生态功能提供参考依据。【方法】依托黑龙江省农业科学院36年长期定位试验站,选取4个不同施肥处理:不施肥处理(CK)、有机肥处理(M)、氮磷钾无机肥处理(NPK)和有机肥配施无机肥处理(MNPK)的耕作层土壤为研究对象,以真菌ITS基因为分子标靶借助q PCR技术和Illumina Miseq高通量测序平台,研究不同施肥处理对黑土中真菌群落丰度、多样性和组成的影响,并与土壤化学性质进行偶联分析,揭示群落与施肥的相关性。【结果】长期施用无机肥显著降低土壤p H,而有机无机配施可以有效缓解土壤酸化。NPK处理的ITS基因丰度显著高于MNPK;MNPK处理的细菌/真菌比值(26.91×104)显著大于NPK,各处理比值由高到低为MNPKMCKNPK。细菌/真菌比值与土壤p H正相关;MNPK处理的真菌α多样性指数值略大于NPK。Ascomycota和Zygomycota为土壤中主要真菌门,不同施肥处理之间真菌组成的相对丰度存在显著差异,对照处理Ascomycota的相对丰度为45.35%,MNPK和NPK处理分别为50.93%和56.16%。有机肥有利于降低病原真菌相对丰度,具有高度侵染性的Cochliobolus在MNPK(0.41%)和M(0.39%)中的相对丰度显著小于CK(3.25%)和NPK(2.08%)。CCA分析表明,土壤理化性质共解释土壤真菌群落结构变化的73.3%,有效磷(贡献量为32.4%,P=0.002)、铵态氮(贡献量为14.8%,P=0.01)和硝态氮(贡献量为16.2%,P=0.048)是3个重要的影响因子。【结论】不同施肥条件下土壤真菌丰度、多样性,以及菌群组成特征不同。与无机肥相比,有机肥无机肥配施能够有效改善真菌群落结构,降低真菌的丰度,增加真菌多样性,并提高土壤p H,减缓土壤酸化。土壤有效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮含量是影响黑土土壤真菌群落结构变化重要因素。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application on the abundance, diversity and community characteristics of soil fungi, and to explore the correlation between the changes of fungi community and fertilization in the black soil of Northeast China, in order to further regulate the soil microbial structure. To improve its ecological function to provide reference basis. [methods] relying on Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences 36 years of long-term positioning test station, Four different fertilization treatments, I. e., no fertilization treatment, organic fertilizer treatment, organic fertilizer treatment, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizer treatment and organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer treatment, were selected as the research objects. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the abundance, diversity and composition of fungal community in black soil were studied with the help of Q PCR technique and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform using fungal ITS as molecular target. [results] Long-term application of inorganic fertilizer significantly reduced soil pH, while organic-inorganic combination could effectively alleviate soil acidification. NPK treatment had significantly higher ITS gene abundance than that of MNPK treatment. The ratio of bacteria to fungi was significantly higher than that of NPK, and the ratio of bacteria to fungi was significantly higher than that of NPK.Ascomycota and Zygomycota, and the ratio of bacteria / fungi was higher than that of NPK.Ascomycota and Zygomycota, which was the major fungi phylum in the soil, and the ratio of bacteria / fungi was positively correlated with soil pH. There were significant differences in relative abundance of fungal composition between different fertilization treatments, the relative abundance of Ascomycota in control treatment was 45.35 and that in NPK treatment was 50.93% and 56.16.The organic fertilizer was beneficial to reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi. The relative abundance of highly invasive Cochliobolus in MNPK 0.41) and MN 0.39) was significantly lower than that in CK3.25) and NPK(2.08%).CCA analysis showed that, The physical and chemical properties of soil can explain the changes of soil fungal community structure 73.3, and available phosphorus (32.4%), ammonium nitrogen (14.8%) and nitrate nitrogen (16.2C) are three important influencing factors. [conclusion] soil fungi abundance is significant under different fertilization conditions. Compared with inorganic fertilizer, the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can effectively improve the structure of fungal community, reduce the abundance of fungi and increase the diversity of fungi. The contents of available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were important factors affecting the change of fungal community structure in black soil.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;农业部微生物产品质量安全风险评估实验室;黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41573066) 国家“973”计划(2015CB150506) 农业微生物产品质量安全风险评估专项任务(GJFP201601202,GJFP201601203) 国家“863”计划(2013AA102802-04) 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04)资助
【分类号】：S154.3

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