不同改良剂对融雪剂盐害土壤性质及矮牵牛生长发育的影响

发布时间：2018-03-19 01:36

本文选题：融雪剂　切入点：盐害土壤　出处：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了探究不同改良剂的施用量对融雪剂盐害土壤的修复效果,采用脱硫石膏、香菇菌糠、平菇菌糠和腐殖酸四种改良剂进行室内土柱模拟实验,改良后的土壤进行室内栽培,以矮牵牛作为实验对象。通过对改良后土壤理化指标和植株生长发育指标的测定,进一步探究改良剂不同施用量对融雪剂盐害土壤的改良效果。实验结果如下：(1)改良剂处理后,土壤pH值和EC值均有不同程度的降低。其中腐殖酸对于降低土壤pH和EC值效果最显著,F3(2.4 g/kg)处理后,0-10 cm和10-20 cm土层的pH值相比对照CK显著降低0.32和0.38个单位；EC值分别比CK降低了0.16 ms·cm-1和0.03 ms·cm-1。(2)四种改良剂处理后,土壤水溶性盐分离子有着不同程度的变化。0-20 cm土层中的Na+和C1-降低幅度分别为74.89%-91.56%和62.78%-93.93%；Ca2+和Mg2+分别增加了7.55%-52.94%和-4.35%～21.74%,其中香菇菌糠处理效果最显著,随着香菇菌糠施用量的增加,土壤中Na+和C1-含量降低效果越显著；不同改良剂对土壤中水溶性K+离子含量的影响效果不同,平菇菌糠处理效果较好,使土壤中K+离子含量增加了37.33%-447.20%。(3)对于土壤容重和孔隙度来说,香菇和平菇菌糠改良效果的显著性明显高于脱硫石膏和腐殖酸。X3(24 g/kg)处理使土壤孔隙度达到87.16%,相比CK增加17.21%,改良后土壤容重为0.34 g·cm-3,比对照CK相对降低了57.29%。(4)从整个土层0-20 cm来看,各改良剂的施用均提高了土壤中有机质的含量,增强土壤的保水保肥性能,达到了改善土壤肥力的效果。香菇菌糠对于提高土壤中有效磷和碱解氮的含量效果最显著,分别比CK增加了80.95%和82.00%。(5)土壤微生物的数量影响着土壤养分的有效利用、物质之间的相互转化、土壤肥力和土壤的发育等。香菇菌糠对于提高土壤中微生物的数量效果最显著,随着施用量水平的提升,增加效果越显著。三个水平的香菇菌糠处理后,土壤细菌分别比对照CK增加66.67%、100.00%和144.44%：土壤真菌分别增加46.43%、78.57%和107.14%：土壤放线菌的数量分别提升25.00%、66.67%和116.67%。(6)对于矮牵牛栽培实验的验证,从植株的生理指标来看,香菇菌糠对于矮牵牛的生长发育促进效果最显著,能够显著增加叶片中叶绿素的含量、植株各器官中氮磷钾的含量,并随着施用量水平的提升,增加效果越显著。香菇菌糠为改良融雪剂盐害土壤的最佳改良剂。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of different modifiers on soil remediation of snow melting agent, four kinds of modifiers such as desulphurized gypsum, mushroom bran, mushroom bran and humic acid were used to simulate the soil column, and the improved soil was cultivated indoors. Using Petunia hybrida as experimental object, the effects of different application amount of modifier on salt-damaged soil of snow melting agent were further studied by measuring the physical and chemical indexes of improved soil and plant growth and development index. The experimental results were as follows: 1) after the treatment of the modifier, The soil pH value and EC value decreased in varying degrees, among which humic acid had the most significant effect on reducing soil pH and EC value. After treatment, the pH values of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers decreased 0.32 and 0.38 EC values significantly lower than CK. After treatment with four modifiers (0.16 Ms 路cm-1 and 0.03 Ms 路cm ~ (-2)), The decrease of Na and C1- in 0-20 cm soil layer was 74.89-91.56% and 62.78-93.93%, respectively. The Ca 2 and Mg2 increased 7.55-52.94% and -4.35% respectively. The treatment effect of Lentinus edodes bran was the most significant. The decrease of Na and C1- content in soil was more significant, the effect of different modifiers on water-soluble K ~ + content in soil was different, and the treatment effect of Pleurotus ostreatus bran was better. Increase the K ~ (+) content in soil by 37.33% -447.20% ~ (3) for soil bulk density and porosity, The improved soil porosity of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus chaff was significantly higher than that of desulphurized gypsum and humic acid. X3N (24 g / kg) treatment. Compared with CK, the soil porosity reached 87.16%. Compared with CK, the improved soil bulk density was 0.34 g 路cm-3, which was 57.29% lower than CK. 4) from 0-20 cm to 20 cm of soil layer, the improved soil bulk density was 0.34 g 路cm-3. The application of various modifiers increased the content of organic matter in soil, enhanced soil moisture and fertilizer retention, and achieved the effect of improving soil fertility. Lentinus edodes bran had the most significant effect on increasing the content of available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil. Compared with CK, the amount of soil microorganism increased by 80.95% and 82.00 respectively) the amount of soil microorganism affected the effective utilization of soil nutrients, the mutual transformation of materials, soil fertility and soil development, etc. Lentinus edodes bran was the most effective in increasing the number of microbes in soil. With the increase of the application level, the effect of the increase was more remarkable. After three levels of mushroom bran treatment, The number of soil actinomycetes increased by 25.00% 66.67% and 116.67% and 116.67%, respectively. Lentinus edodes bran had the most significant effect on the growth and development of petunia. It could significantly increase the content of chlorophyll in leaves and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organs of plants, and with the increase of application level, Lentinus edodes bran is the best modifier for improving the salt-damaged soil with snow melting agent.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156;S681.9

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