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长期施肥下黄壤稻田有机碳氮及其组分的演变特征

发布时间:2018-03-19 10:07

  本文选题:长期施肥 切入点:土壤有机碳 出处:《贵州大学》2016年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:为阐明长期不同施肥下土壤有机碳氮及其组分的演变特征,为合理培肥、促进农业可持续发展和增汇减排提供理论依据。本研究以贵州黄壤稻田长期土壤肥料定位试验为基础,选取对照(CK)、单施有机肥(M)、单施化肥(NPK)、无机肥低量有机肥配施(0.5MNPK)和无机肥高量有机肥配施(MNPK)共5个施肥处理,采用Stwart等的物理-化学联合分组方法对土壤有机碳氮进行分组,研究长期不同施肥下土壤有机碳氮及其组分的演变特征。主要结果如下:1.与CK相比,长期施用MNPK、M和0.5MNPK处理的总有机碳含量都有显著提高,施用有机肥土壤有机碳含量显著高于单施化肥,2006-2014年黄壤稻田土壤总有机碳含量呈规律性的线性增长趋势,M和MNPK处理的有机碳以年均0.71 g/kg和0.63 g/kg的速率增加,且都达到了显著水平(P0.05,下同)。长期不同施肥处理下,游离活性有机碳占总有机碳的比例最大,为54%~66%。对于各组分含量,除CK处理土壤游离活性有机碳含量呈明显下降趋势,其它处理该组分含量都呈上升趋势,其中以MNPK和M处理的游离活性组分有机碳含量增加的最为显著。对于长期施肥下物理保护有机碳和化学保护有机碳组分含量,各处理整体都呈显著现上升趋势,但CK和NPK处理对该组分含量增加作用相对缓慢;仅0.5MNPK和MNPK处理土壤生物化学保护有机碳组分有显著增加。相关性分析显示,不同组分有机碳与总有机碳呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01,下同)。2.与CK相比,除NPK处理外其他各施肥处理下土壤总有机氮的含量都有显著的增加,增加幅度在0.5%~41%之间;与试验开始时土壤有机氮初始含量(1.76 g/kg)相比,各处理土壤有机氮含量也均有所增加。2006~2014年黄壤稻田土壤总有机氮,除(CK)处理外其它各处理有机氮含量都呈规律性的线性增长趋势。总的对有机氮含量影响来说,MNPK(0.80g/kg)M(0.74g/kg)0.5MNPK(0.45g/kg)。各组分中游离活性有机氮组分占总有机氮比例最大。与CK相比,经过9年长期施肥处理后各施肥处理游离活性有机氮组分都有显著增加,而其它各组分含量变化很小,虽然有的组分有小幅度的增加,但都没有达到显著水平。整体看出MNPK处理的各组分有机氮年均增加速率均显著高于其他处理,说明增量有机无机配施比其他施肥处理更能增加各组分土壤有机氮含量。相关性分析显示,土壤总有机氮含量与各组分机氮含量之间呈显著正相关关系。这表明各组分有机氮与总有机氮关系密切,会随土壤总有机氮的含量而改变。综上述分析,相对于其它处理,长期高量有机无机配施是提高黄壤稻田有机碳氮及其组分和培肥土壤最有效模式。
[Abstract]:In order to elucidate the evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen and its components under long-term different fertilization, and to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization, agricultural sustainable development and emission reduction, this study was based on the long-term soil fertilizer location test in paddy field of yellow soil in Guizhou Province. In this study, five fertilization treatments were selected: CK, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and high organic fertilizer, respectively. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen were grouped by the physical-chemical grouping method of Stwart et al. The evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon and its components under long-term fertilization were studied. The main results were as follows: 1.Compared with CK, the contents of total organic carbon in long-term application of MNPK and 0.5 MNPK were significantly increased. The content of organic carbon in soil treated with organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that in paddy field of yellow soil from 2006 to 2014 by applying chemical fertilizer alone. The total organic carbon content of paddy soil increased regularly. The average annual rate of 0.71 g / kg and 0.63 g / kg of organic carbon increased with the treatments of M and MNPK. The ratio of free active organic carbon to total organic carbon was 54 ~ 666.The content of free active organic carbon decreased obviously except CK treatment. The content of organic carbon in free active components of MNPK and M treatments increased most significantly, and the contents of organic carbon protected by physical and chemical components were significantly increased under long-term fertilization, and the content of organic carbon in other treatments showed an upward trend, and the content of organic carbon in free active component increased significantly in the treatment of MNPK and M, respectively. All treatments showed a significant upward trend, but CK and NPK treatments were relatively slow to increase the content of organic carbon, and only 0.5 MNPK and MNPK treatments had a significant increase in soil biochemistry protected organic carbon components. There was a significant positive correlation between different organic carbon and total organic carbon (P 0.01). Compared with CK, the content of soil total organic nitrogen in all fertilization treatments except NPK increased significantly, and the increase range was between 0.5% and 41%. Compared with the initial soil organic nitrogen content of 1.76 g / kg at the beginning of the experiment, the soil organic nitrogen contents of all treatments increased from 2006 to 2014. The content of organic nitrogen in all treatments except CK) showed a regular linear increasing trend. The total effect of organic nitrogen content on organic nitrogen content was 0.80g / kg ~ 0.74 g / kg ~ 0.74 g / kg ~ (0.5) MNPK ~ (-1) 0.45 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ 0.45 g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1), and the ratio of free active organic nitrogen to total organic nitrogen was the highest. After 9 years of long-term fertilization, the free active organic nitrogen components of each fertilization treatment increased significantly, while the content of other components changed very little, although some of the components increased by a small margin. As a whole, the average annual increase rate of organic nitrogen in MNPK treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. The results showed that incremental organic and inorganic fertilizer application could increase soil organic nitrogen content more than other fertilization treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between soil total organic nitrogen content and total organic nitrogen content, which indicated that organic nitrogen and total organic nitrogen were closely related to each other and would change with soil total organic nitrogen content. Long-term high organic and inorganic fertilizer application is the most effective model to improve the organic carbon nitrogen and its components in yellow soil paddy field and to improve the soil fertility.
【学位授予单位】:贵州大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:S153.6


本文编号:1633796

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