延安极端降雨特性分析及对梯田侵蚀灾害影响

发布时间：2018-03-24 17:33

本文选题：延安　切入点：极端降雨　出处：《水土保持学报》2016年06期

【摘要】：针对以增暖为主要标志的全球变化导致气候变率增大,极端天气气候事件和灾害发生更为频繁,造成人口、农业经济生产、基础设施风险扩大的现实,以2013年造成延安多地严重受灾极端降雨特性及其对梯田侵蚀影响严重为例,基于延安站多年逐日降雨资料和梯田侵蚀实地测量资料,分析了该极端降雨的特征并探讨了其对梯田侵蚀灾害的影响。结果表明:(1)延安2013年降雨总量达到959mm,比1951—2012多年平均降雨量高出448.8mm,其中7—9月降雨量达到761mm,占全年降雨量的79.4%,最大月降雨7月为568mm,达到万年一遇标准;(2)延安2013年极端降雨侵蚀性降雨和暴雨次数多,暴雨总量大,同时降雨出现短历时中强度、中历时高强度、长历时强侵蚀弱输沙的新变化;(3)延安2013年极端降雨下连片梯田侵蚀剧烈,侵蚀模数和相对高差与汇水面积之间存在显著关系,梯田中下部侵蚀严重,最大土壤侵蚀模数达到54 049.50t/km2,该研究可为水土保持农业梯田工程设计提供依据,同时将为气候变化条件下有效应对该类极端降雨采取永久措施和临时措施及适应性调控提供科技支撑。
[Abstract]:In view of the fact that global change marked by warming has led to an increase in climate change rates and that extreme weather and weather events and disasters occur more frequently, resulting in increased risks to population, agricultural economic production and infrastructure, Taking the characteristics of extreme rainfall and its serious impact on terrace erosion as an example in 2013, based on the daily rainfall data of many years and the field measurement data of terrace erosion, The characteristics of the extreme rainfall and its influence on terrace erosion disaster are analyzed. The results show that the total rainfall in Yanan in 2013 is 959mm, which is 448.8 mm higher than the average rainfall in 1951-2012, and 761 mm in July-September, accounting for the whole year rainfall. The maximum monthly rainfall in July was 568 mm, reaching the standard of one million years.) in 2013, Yanan had more extreme rainfall, erosive rainfall and heavy rain. The total amount of heavy rain is large, at the same time, the rainfall appears short duration medium intensity, medium duration high intensity, long duration strong erosion and weak sediment transport. There is a significant relationship between erosion modulus and relative height difference and catchment area. The erosion in the middle and lower part of terrace is serious, and the maximum soil erosion modulus is 54,049.50 t / km2. This study can provide the basis for the design of terrace engineering for soil and water conservation. At the same time, it will provide scientific and technological support for taking permanent and temporary measures and adaptive regulation to deal with this kind of extreme rainfall effectively under the condition of climate change.
【作者单位】：中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心;中国科学院大学;西北农林科技大学;湖南省水利厅;安塞县气象局;
【基金】：造地工程水系平衡与生态保育技术研究项目(2016ZDJC-20) 陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2013KTDZ03-03-01) 国家自然科学基金项目(41371276,51309194)
【分类号】：S157.1

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