北京地区五环内冬季园林绿地中裸土调研及其分布特征

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:37

本文选题：北京城区　切入点：冬季裸地　出处：《中国水土保持科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：在中国北方地区,伴随阔叶植物冬季落叶造成大量土地出现季节性裸露。土壤在裸露情况下极易造成扬尘污染和空气污染,进而成为中国北方城市雾霾污染逐渐加重的重要组成部分;因此,准确掌握冬季裸露土地的分布情况和建立合理的治理方案,对中国北方城市的环境保护和生态建设具有重大意义。本文以北京城区五环内园林绿化用地中的裸地为调查对象,采用《全国土壤调查技术规程》中要求的调查方法,根据棋盘式布点法布设100个调查样点,调查总面积25万m~2,占北京地区五环总面积的3.73%,按照草坪裸地、灌木裸地、树穴裸地3种类型进行分类研究。园林绿化用地总面积为8万7 539.84 m~2,仅占总样方面积的35.02%,可见,北京城区内仍是以建筑、公路等硬化用地组成。在园林绿化用地调查样点中,草坪绿地、灌木绿地、树穴绿地面积分别为6万6 647.30、1万6 329.64和4 562.91 m~2,证明北京城区五环内园林绿化用地以草坪绿地为主。裸地分布调查结果显示草坪裸地对裸地面积的贡献率达78.11%,是北京地区五环内主要裸地类型。在100个全部的调查样地中,43.42%的草坪绿地以及24.25%灌木绿地冬季变成裸地,而树穴裸地比例达到90.91%,证明北京城区五环内树穴在冬季基本无覆盖。通过对裸地区域分布研究发现,裸地面积排序前20个样点中有13个样点分布在南四环到南五环之间,裸地面积占总裸地面积的51.66%。裸露的土地不仅造成北京城区内水土流失和土壤养分下降,也加重雾霾污染程度,降低城市空气质量,建议在北京地区五环内推广种植具备抗寒性的冷季型草坪草品种替代现在易枯萎草坪草品种,使用园林绿化废弃物加工产物作为覆盖物对其余裸土类型进行有效覆盖,严格控制北京城区冬季裸地面积,为北京冬季城市生态环境发展保驾护航。
[Abstract]:In the northern part of China, with the leaves of broad-leaved plants in winter, a large amount of land is exposed to seasonal nudity. Soil is prone to dust pollution and air pollution under exposed conditions. Therefore, the distribution of bare land in winter should be accurately grasped and a reasonable treatment plan should be established. It is of great significance for the environmental protection and ecological construction of cities in northern China. This paper takes the bare land in the five rings of Beijing urban area as the investigation object and adopts the investigation method required in the Technical regulations for National soil investigation. According to the method of chessboard placement, 100 investigation samples were arranged, with a total area of 250000 mm2, accounting for 3.73% of the total area of the five rings in Beijing. According to the bare lawn and shrub bare land, Three types of bare land were classified. The total area of landscaping land was 87 539.84 mm2, only 35.02% of the total sample area. It can be seen that the urban area of Beijing is still composed of building, highway and other hardened land. Lawn green, shrub green, The green area of tree cave was 66647.303,16 329.64 and 4 562.91 mm2, respectively, which proved that the main green land in the five rings of Beijing was lawn greenbelt. The results of the investigation on bare land distribution showed that the contribution rate of bare turf to bare land area was 78.11%, which was north of Beijing. In Beijing, 43.42% of lawn and 24.25% of shrub green land became bare in winter. The proportion of tree holes in bare land reached 90.91, which proved that there was basically no coverage in winter for the tree holes in the five rings of Beijing urban area. By studying the regional distribution of bare land, it was found that 13 of the first 20 samples in the order of bare land area were distributed between the South fourth Ring and the South Fifth Ring. The bare land area accounts for 51.66% of the total bare land area. The bare land not only causes soil erosion and soil nutrient decrease in Beijing urban area, but also increases the degree of haze pollution and reduces the urban air quality. It is suggested to popularize cold season turfgrass varieties with cold resistance in the five rings of Beijing area instead of wilting grass varieties now, and to cover other bare soil types effectively by using garden waste products as mulch. To strictly control the bare land area of Beijing urban area in winter, to protect the urban ecological environment development in Beijing winter.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学;北京市园林绿化局;
【基金】：北京市科技计划项目北京市绿地林地土壤质量提升关键技术研究与示范(Z161100001116061) 北京市园林绿化局青年科技专项任务书新常态下园林绿化科研创新管理体系研究(2015-01)
【分类号】：S159.2

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