闽东茶叶气候适宜度变化特征

发布时间：2018-03-27 19:27

本文选题：茶叶　切入点：气候　出处：《山地学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：茶是中国主要的经济作物之一,气候变化对茶叶生长具有重要的影响。采用福建省主要产茶区闽东9县市1981—2013年气候要素资料,应用模糊数学方法构建茶叶适宜度模型,分析茶叶气候适宜度年际、年代及季节变化特征,运用Arcgis地理信息软件对闽东茶叶气候适宜度年代空间变化分布进行区划分析。结果表明,闽东地区总体茶叶生长的气候条件好,适宜度高。但也存在一些制约因素,影响山区茶叶适宜条件的主要气候要素是积温,而沿海则是相对湿度和干燥度。受气候变化影响,闽东茶叶适宜度随年际波动明显,沿海茶叶适宜度年代变化幅度比山区大,波动更不稳定,其变差趋势也比山区更显著。季节性特征显示春、夏、秋3个季节适宜度也都随年代波动幅度增大而数值呈减小趋势,其中春茶适宜度变化小,而夏、秋茶变差趋势显著。针对气候变化对闽东茶叶适宜度的不利影响,建议可以通过基础设施建设,改善茶园小气候条件和加强防灾能力加以应对。
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the main cash crops in China, and climate change has an important effect on tea growth. Based on the data of climatic elements of 9 counties and cities in Fujian Province from 1981 to 2013, the suitability model of tea was constructed by using fuzzy mathematics method. The characteristics of interannual, chronological and seasonal variation of climatic suitability of tea were analyzed, and the spatial distribution of climatic suitability of tea in East Fujian was analyzed by using Arcgis software. The results showed that: 1. The climate conditions of tea growing in eastern Fujian are good and the suitability is high. However, there are also some restrictive factors. The main climatic factors affecting the suitable conditions of tea in mountainous areas are accumulated temperature, while the relative humidity and dryness in coastal areas are affected by climate change. The suitability of tea leaves in the east of Fujian Province fluctuates obviously with the interannual variation. The variation range of tea suitability in coastal areas is larger than that in mountainous areas, and the fluctuation is more unstable, and the trend of variation is more obvious than that in mountainous areas. The seasonal characteristics show that the seasonal characteristics of tea suitability in spring and summer, In the three seasons of autumn, the suitability of tea also decreased with the increase of the fluctuation range of the year, in which the suitability of spring tea changed little, but the trend of tea in summer and autumn became worse. In view of the adverse effect of climate change on the suitability of tea in East Fujian, It is suggested that the construction of infrastructure, the improvement of tea garden microclimate conditions and the strengthening of disaster prevention ability can be dealt with.
【作者单位】：福建省宁德市气象局;
【基金】：福建省宁德市科技计划项目(20130004) 中国气象局业务建设项目“农业应对气候变化”资助~~
【分类号】：S571.1;S162.54

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