蔬菜生产碳足迹、低碳化与生态补偿机制

发布时间：2018-03-27 22:35

本文选题：碳排放　切入点：碳汇　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：蔬菜是种植面积仅次于粮食的第二大农作物。近年来,蔬菜生产的集约化使得化肥、农药、农膜等化学品的密集投入在显著提高蔬菜产量的同时也产生了大量碳排放,给农田生态环境带来了严重威胁。因此,探索蔬菜生产的低碳化发展路径对我国“两型农业”发展具有重要意义。针对已有研究关于蔬菜生产碳足迹、低碳化与生态补偿的成果偏少,本文将蔬菜生产碳足迹——低碳化——生态补偿机制相结合系统地研究了蔬菜生产低碳化的发展路径。在对蔬菜生产低碳化相关概念及理论进行界定和梳理的基础上,首先运用生命周期法和多目标灰靶决策模型对蔬菜生产系统的碳足迹进行了核算与评价；其次,运用环境方向性距离函数、联立方程组的SUR模型、Multivariate Probit模型和Cox比例风险模型分别对蔬菜生产低碳化的边际效应、驱动因素和农户的技术采用行为及支付意愿进行分析；最后,从补偿主体、补偿标准和补偿方式等方面构建了蔬菜生产低碳化的生态补偿机制。主要研究结论概括如下：第一、对蔬菜生产碳足迹的研究结果表明,蔬菜生产系统的亩均总碳排放为691.64 KgCE,其中化肥投入所产生的碳排放占70.89%,是总碳排放的主要来源；亩均光合作用碳汇和净碳汇分别为1267.20 KgCE和575.56 KgCE。从碳足迹的综合评价结果看,天津市和北京市远优于河北省、辽宁省和山东省。第二、对蔬菜生产低碳化的边际效应的研究结果表明,蔬菜生产碳排放的平均边际产出效应为2.03 Kg/KgCE,平均影子价格为5.94元/KgCE;平均环境成本为4521.15元/亩,占总产值的14.49%,剔除环境成本后的平均绿色产值为25468.77元/亩。第三、对蔬菜生产低碳化的驱动因素的研究结果表明,技术选择、政府补贴、户主性别、户主年龄和蔬菜收入比重对蔬菜生产低碳化具有显著的正向作用,土地投入对蔬菜生产低碳化则具有显著的负向影响。第四、对蔬菜生产低碳化的农户技术采用行为的研究结果表明,农户在采用不同的低碳生产技术时存在替代效应。可持续认知、低碳认知、低碳技术满意度、蔬菜种植面积、蔬菜生产保险、政府补贴、户主年龄、户主受教育年限、技术培训、蔬菜种植年限对农户低碳生产技术的采用具有显著的正向影响,而贷款需求和户主性别对农户低碳生产技术的采用具有显著的负向影响。第五、对蔬菜生产低碳化的农户技术支付意愿的研究结果表明,农户对低碳生产技术的支付意愿偏低；户主性别、蔬菜收入、信贷能力、种菜年限、风险态度、加入合作社对低碳生产技术的支付意愿具有显著的正向影响,而户主年龄、蔬菜收入比重、政府补贴、技术培训对低碳生产技术的支付意愿具有显著的负向影响。第六、对蔬菜生产低碳化的生态补偿机制的研究结果表明,蔬菜生产系统碳汇功能生态补偿机制的权利主体是农户,义务主体是政府；平均补偿标准为34.53元/亩,补偿方式应以政府为主导,以市场为补充。
[Abstract]:Is the second largest vegetable crop area next to food. In recent years, intensive vegetable production of fertilizers, pesticides, plastic sheeting and other chemicals in the intensive input increased the vegetable yield but also generate a lot of carbon emissions, poses a serious threat to farmland ecological environment. Therefore, exploring the vegetable production of low carbon development path China's "two agriculture" development is of great significance. In view of the existing research on the carbon footprint of vegetable production, low carbon and ecological compensation results is less, the production of vegetables -- low carbon - carbon footprint ecological compensation mechanism of the combination of systematic study of the development path of low-carbon vegetable production based on vegetable production. Low carbon related concepts and theories are defined and combed, by using life cycle method and multi-objective decision model of grey target on vegetable production system into the carbon footprint The accounting and evaluation; secondly, using environmental directional distance function, the SUR model of simultaneous equations, Multivariate Probit model and Cox proportional risk model of vegetable production and the marginal effect of low carbon, driving factors and farmer technology adoption behavior and willingness to pay are analyzed; finally, the subject of compensation, compensation standards and compensation to construct the ecological compensation mechanism of vegetable production and low carbon. The main conclusions are as follows: first, research on the production of carbon footprint of vegetables. The results showed that the total carbon emissions per mu of vegetable production system is 691.64 KgCE, the fertilizer input generated carbon emissions accounted for 70.89%, is the main source of total carbon emissions per mu; the photosynthesis and carbon sinks were 1267.20 KgCE and 575.56 KgCE. from the result of comprehensive evaluation of the carbon footprint of Tianjin city and Beijing city of Hebei province is far better than Liaoning. Province and Shandong province. Second, research and production of low carbon marginal effect on vegetables. The results show that the average marginal output effect of carbon emissions production of vegetables is 2.03 Kg/KgCE, the average shadow price is 5.94 yuan /KgCE; the average environmental cost is 4521.15 yuan / mu, the total output value of 14.49%, the average value of eliminating the green environment cost for 25468.77 yuan / mu. Third, research on the driving factors of low-carbon production of vegetables. The results showed that the choice of technology, government subsidies, sex of household head, household age and proportion of vegetable income has significant positive effect on vegetable production of low carbon, land investment has a negative impact on the vegetable production of low carbon fourth. Study on the production technology of low carbon, farmers use behavior of vegetables. The results show that there exists a substitution effect of low carbon technology in the production of farmers using different. Sustainable cognition, low-carbon awareness, full of low carbon technology Satisfaction, vegetable planting area of vegetable production, insurance, government subsidies, household age, household education, technical training, vegetable planting has a positive effect on the low carbon production technology by farmers, while the demand for loans and the sex of household head with low carbon production technology by farmers have a significant negative impact. Fifth the production of low carbon, vegetable farmers' willingness to pay technology research results show that the farmers' willingness to pay for low carbon production technology is low; household gender, vegetable income, credit capacity, planting period, risk attitude has a significant positive effect to join cooperatives willingness to pay for low carbon production technology, and the age of the head of household income, vegetables the proportion of government subsidies, technical training and willingness to pay for low carbon production technology has a significant negative impact. Sixth, the results of the study of ecological compensation mechanism of the low carbon production of vegetables It shows that the main body of the ecological compensation mechanism of the vegetable production system carbon sink function is farmers, the main body of the obligation is the government, the average compensation standard is 34.53 yuan / mu, and the compensation way should be government oriented and market supplementary.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.13;X322

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