长江中游水稻主产区耕地地力评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 05:12

本文选题：长江中游地区　切入点：耕地评价　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：长江中游地区,区位优势明显,资源丰富,工农业基础比较雄厚,而且是中国水稻粮食的主产区。研究区域按照农业部农技中心界定的长江中游水稻主产区,包括江西、湖北、湖南等三省的耕地作为评价对象。以县域耕地地力评价的数据为基础数据,添加专项调查数据,建立了有体系的区域耕地资源数据库。通过分析评价区域耕地地力水平与主要作物生产能力、专家研讨和打分,建立了该区域耕地评价指标体系和评价指标的分级标准。研究采用GIS技术,对长江中游三省的土地利用现状图和土壤图进行叠加制作评价单元,对评价指标体系中的各项指标进行了插值和区域统计,通过属性连接建立了长江中游三省耕地地力评价空间数据库。在此基础上,对长江中游水稻主产区的耕地地力进行了评价和评价结果的产量验证。研究还对验证后的结果进行了空间分布分析。所得主要成果如下:(1)三省4万多条采样点数据审核,对汇总数据的审核包括采样点的数目和空间分布,最终确定湖北、湖南、江西三省采样点数41943个。(2)建立了长江中游三省耕地地力评价指标体系,总共包括12个评价指标。(3)对三省的土壤图和利用现状图进行拼接、校核、重建拓扑,将土壤图和利用现状图进行叠加制作了评价单元。按照区域面积、图幅大小和土壤分类属性,拟定了最小评价单元为100万平方米,在Arc Map中将小于该面积多边形进融合,最终确定长江三省的评价单元个数为84599个。确定成果图的出图比例尺为1:100万(4)使用模糊数学的方法,建立隶属函数模型,在省级耕地资源管理信息系统中利用累加模型计算出长江中游三省耕地地力指数为0.64~0.96,将其划分为六个等级。长江中游三个省的耕地总面积为10383330.84hm2,其中一等地981942.8451 hm2,占三省总耕地面积的9.46%;二级地4142537.012 hm2,占三省总耕地面积的39.90%;三级地3701931.474 hm2,占三省总耕地面积的35.65%;四级地1294136.609 hm2,占三省总耕地面积的12.46%;五级地252516.3688 hm2,占三省总耕地面积的2.43%;六级地10266.53164 hm2,占三省总耕地面积的0.10%。(5)对评价的结果进行了水稻产量的验证,等级的高低对应着水稻产量的高低。对长江中游水稻主产区的有机质情况进行了分析,得出了湖北、湖南、江西三省耕地有机质的含量;对每个等级的地力进行了主要属性的分析和空间分布的分析。对长江中游三省耕地质量的建设和改良提出了建议。
[Abstract]:In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, there are obvious geographical advantages, abundant resources, relatively strong industrial and agricultural foundations, and are the main rice and grain producing areas in China. The research areas are mainly rice production areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River defined by the Agricultural Technology Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, including Jiangxi and Hubei. The cultivated land of Hunan and other three provinces is regarded as the object of evaluation. Based on the data of land fertility evaluation in county area, the special investigation data are added. A systematic database of regional cultivated land resources has been established. Through the analysis and evaluation of the level of regional cultivated land fertility and the production capacity of major crops, experts have discussed and scored. The evaluation index system of cultivated land in this region and the grading standard of evaluation index were established. The land use status map and soil map of the three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were superimposed to make the evaluation unit by using GIS technology. The indexes in the evaluation index system are interpolated and regional statistics are carried out, and the spatial database of cultivated land fertility evaluation in three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is established by means of attribute connection. The cultivated land fertility in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was evaluated and the yield of the evaluation results was verified. The spatial distribution of the results was also analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1) the data of more than 40,000 sampling sites in three provinces were examined and verified. The examination of the aggregate data includes the number and spatial distribution of the sampling points, and finally determines the sampling points of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, 41943.Y2) and establishes the evaluation index system of cultivated land fertility in the three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. A total of 12 evaluation indexes are included.) the soil maps and utilization maps of the three provinces are jointed, checked, topologically rebuilt, and the soil maps and the utilization status maps are superimposed to make evaluation units. According to the area of the region, The map size and soil classification attribute, the minimum evaluation unit is 1 million square meters, and the polygon smaller than this area is fused in Arc Map. Finally, it is determined that the number of evaluation units in the three provinces of the Yangtze River is 84599. The scale of drawing of the result map is determined to be 1: 1 million. The membership function model is established by using the method of fuzzy mathematics. In the provincial cultivated land resource management information system, the cultivated land fertility index of the three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was calculated by the accumulative model and divided into six grades. The total area of cultivated land in the three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is 10383330.84hm2, of which the first class is 981942.8451 hm2. The total cultivated land area of the three provinces is 9.46; the second grade land is 4142537.012 hm2, accounting for 39.90th of the total cultivated land area of the three provinces; the third grade land is 3701931.474 hm2, which accounts for 35.65% of the total cultivated land area of the three provinces; the fourth grade land is 1294136.609 hm2, accounting for 12.46% of the total cultivated land area of the three provinces; the fifth grade land is 252516.3688 hm2, accounting for 2.43th of the total cultivated land area of the three provinces; The evaluation results were verified by 10266.53164 hm2, which accounted for 0.10% of the total cultivated land area in the three provinces. The level of grade corresponds to the yield of rice. The organic matter content of cultivated land in Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was obtained by analyzing the organic matter in the main rice producing areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The main attributes and spatial distribution of soil fertility of each grade are analyzed, and suggestions for the construction and improvement of cultivated land quality in three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511;S127

【参考文献】