河南仰韶村文化遗址的土壤指示特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:08

本文选题：文化遗址　切入点：遗物遗迹　出处：《土壤学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：人类作为生物因素的重要组成部分,其对土壤的影响越来越受到关注。在古人类遗址土壤研究中,通过分析土壤理化性质以及包含物特征,可还原古人类活动类型以及强度。在河南仰韶村文化遗址内,分别选取一个受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称文化剖面)和没有受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称自然剖面),通过观察和分析,比较两个剖面在遗物遗迹、土壤理化性质以及植物遗存方面的差别,从而获取该遗址的土壤指示特征。研究结果显示文化剖面中出现陶片、石器、灰坑、灰烬层和文化层;通体粒度组成偏砂,在灰烬层砂粒含量达到最大;低频磁化率(χlf)高于自然剖面,且出现异常高值,频率磁化率(χfd)略低于自然剖面;色度参数红度(a*)、黄度(b*)、亮度(L*)值低于自然剖面,均在灰烬层出现最小值;容重小于自然剖面,在文化层出现最小值;全磷含量高于自然剖面,在灰烬层和文化层出现极大值和最大值;禾本科(Gramineae)和藜科(Artemisia)含量高于自然剖面,存在驯化的粟、黍、水稻植硅体;有机碳同位素(δ13C)值较自然剖面偏正,指示剖面植物类型以C4为主;炭屑含量大约为自然剖面的4倍。土壤在古人类活动影响下,宏观上,土体中的侵入体和剖面形态特征与自然剖面具有明显的差别;微观上,粒度组成、磁化率、色度、全磷、容重、孢粉、植硅体、炭屑和有机碳同位素也与自然剖面有明显的差别。
[Abstract]:As an important part of biological factors, the influence of human on soil has attracted more and more attention. In the study of paleo human sites, the physical and chemical properties of soils and the characteristics of their inclusions are analyzed. Reducible paleo human activity type and intensity. In Henan Yangshao village cultural site, One soil section (cultural section) which was disturbed by paleo human activities and one soil section (natural section) that were not disturbed by paleo-human activities were selected, respectively. Through observation and analysis, the relics of the two sections were compared. Physical and chemical properties of the soil and differences in plant remains, thus obtaining the soil indicator characteristics of the site. The results show that pottery, stone tools, ash pits, ash layers and cultural layers are present in the cultural profile; The low frequency magnetic susceptibility (蠂 _ lf) is higher than the natural section, and the frequency magnetic susceptibility (蠂 _ f _ d) is slightly lower than the natural section, and the chrominance parameter is lower than the natural section. The contents of total phosphorus were higher than the natural section, and the maximum and maximum values were found in the ash and culture layers. The contents of Gramineae and Artemisia were higher than those of the natural sections, and the contents of Gramineae and Artemisia were higher than those of the natural sections. There are domesticated millet, millet, rice siderite, organic carbon isotope (未 13 C) is more positive than natural section, indicating that C 4 is the main type of plant in section, carbon debris content is about 4 times of natural section, soil is affected by paleo human activities, macroscopically, The morphological characteristics of intrusions and sections in soil are obviously different from those of natural sections. Microcosmic, particle size composition, magnetic susceptibility, chromaticity, total phosphorus, bulk density, sporopollen, phytolith, Carbon debris and organic carbon isotopes are also distinct from natural profiles.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院;国土资源部土地整治重点实验室;郑州大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371226)资助~~
【分类号】：S151.9

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