中美转基因作物种植管理制度比较

发布时间：2018-03-31 17:06

  本文选题：转基因作物　切入点：种植审批制度　出处：《中国生物工程杂志》2017年08期

【摘要】："十三五"国家科技创新规划提出的"推进新型抗虫棉、抗虫玉米、抗除草剂大豆等重大产品产业化",给转基因作物的种植管理提出了考验。由于商业化种植的转基因作物种类少,且不包括粮食作物,我国在转基因种植管理上经验不足。选取美国这一转基因作物种植大国作为比较对象,对比两国转基因作物种植前审批程序、种植者的管理义务、减少转基因作物与非转基因作物混杂的管理手段三个方面的差异,认为转基因作物的法律定性,知识产权制度和标识制度,各方主体实施隔离措施、承担损害的能力是差异生成的主要原因。我国宜结合国内的农业环境,在转基因生物安全管理布局上着眼于实质性的风险,并由农业主管部门、转基因作物研发主体、转基因作物种子经营主体合力对种植者进行指导,以避免混杂带来经济纠纷,并降低对生态环境的影响。
[Abstract]:The National Science and Technology Innovation Plan of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, "promoting new insect-resistant cotton and insect-resistant corn," The industrialization of major products, such as herbicide resistant soybeans, has put the management of genetically modified crops to the test. Because of the small number of genetically modified crops that are commercially grown and do not include food crops, China is inexperienced in the management of genetically modified crops. The United States, a large country of genetically modified crops, is chosen as the comparative object, and the management obligations of the growers are compared with the pre-planting approval procedures of the two countries. In order to reduce the differences in management methods between GM crops and non-GM crops, it is considered that the legal nature of GM crops, the system of intellectual property rights and the system of identification, and the isolation measures implemented by all parties, The ability to bear the damage is the main cause of the difference. In our country, we should combine the domestic agricultural environment, focus on the substantial risks in the distribution of genetically modified biosafety management, and let the competent agricultural department, the main body of research and development of genetically modified crops, In order to avoid the economic disputes and reduce the impact on the ecological environment, the main body of seed management of genetically modified crops can guide the growers.
【作者单位】： 华中农业大学;
【基金】：国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项资助项目(2016ZX08001001)
【分类号】：S188
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本文编号：1691651