中国西北气候变暖及其对农业的影响对策

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:20

  本文选题：气候变暖　切入点：影响　出处：《生态环境学报》2017年09期

【摘要】：以全球气候变暖和区域降水变率增加为主的气候变化给农业生产和人类食品安全带来严峻挑战。认识气候变化对农业的影响,提出科学的技术对策,是应对气候变化的基础。基于西北5省区气象观测资料,分析西北地区近52年(1961—2012年)气候时域趋势变化和空间分布特征,对比讨论了气候变化对西北农业的主要影响,提出了西北旱作农业应对气候变化的适应技术对策。结果表明,近52年来,西北区域气温呈显著上升趋势,气温变化倾向率为0.312℃/10 a,从20世纪70年代开始气温持续上升,气候变暖的突变点在1991年。西北区域降水量趋势变化空间差异明显,以黄河沿线为界,黄河以西区域降水量呈增多趋势,黄河以东区域呈减少趋势,并且降水量减少的幅度明显高于增加的幅度。气候变暖对农作物生长生育、植物形态结构、产量形成及品质等生理生化过程产生重大影响,对作物种植结构、栽培方式、种植制度,农田耕作层土壤生态环境等也产生了重大影响。要通过优化农业种植结构、调整作物种植制度、改进作物栽培方式、改良作物品种、加强水肥系统协调管理等技术措施来适应气候变化。科学开发利用气候资源,减缓气候变暖的不利影响,积极应对全球气候变化。
[Abstract]:Climate change, which is dominated by global climate change and increasing regional precipitation change rate, brings severe challenges to agricultural production and human food safety. The impacts of climate change on agriculture are recognized, and scientific and technical countermeasures are put forward. Based on the meteorological observation data of 5 provinces in Northwest China, the temporal trend change and spatial distribution of climate in Northwest China from 1961 to 2012 were analyzed, and the main impacts of climate change on northwest agriculture were compared and discussed. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of adapting to climate change in arid farming in Northwest China. The results show that the temperature in Northwest China has been rising significantly in the past 52 years, and the tendency of temperature change is 0.312 鈩，

本文编号：1696296