秸秆还田配施低温菌剂对黑土氮碳及细菌多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:54

本文选题：低温菌剂　切入点：秸秆还田　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本课题利用由低温纤维素分解菌和低温生物表面活性剂以1:1比例配成的低温复合微生物菌剂降解秸秆来提高玉米秸秆的降解效率,结合大垄的保护性耕作措施,研究以复合微生物菌剂降解秸秆还田对土壤氮碳和微生物以及细菌多样性的影响,并采用PCR-DGGE方法阐释了低温复合菌剂降解秸秆还田处理对土壤细菌多样性变化的作用,以期利用低温复合菌剂提高玉米秸秆降解效率,结合大垄深松的保护性耕作技术,为修护黑土地力,改善农村环境,发展可持续的绿色农业提供可行方法。本试验得出的主要结论有:(1)低温复合菌剂的使用显著地增加了土壤全氮和铵态氮;低温复合菌剂处理的硝态氮含量最高,低温复合菌剂、纤维素分解菌和低温纤维素分解菌处理土壤微生物量氮含量较高。(2)低温复合菌剂对土壤有机质含量有显著影响,比对照处理提高了2.8%,效果最佳;其次是为低温纤维素分解菌处理。灌浆期土壤微生物量碳含量最高,同时低温菌剂处理的土壤微生物碳含量高于其他处理,平均为57.16mg/kg,是对照的1.64倍。(3)土壤细菌数量最多的是低温生物表面活性剂处理,施用了低温复合菌剂的处理和施用了低温生物表面活性剂处理可以显著提高土壤细菌数量。土壤中的真菌变化呈现低温好于常温好于对照的趋势。在所有的生长期中,低温复合菌处理的放线菌数量是最高的,其次是低纤维素分解菌和生物表面活性剂处理。(4)土壤脲酶活性低温菌剂的处理明显提高,常温复合菌处理略高于对照,其余均低于对照;低温复合菌剂处理在整个生育期土壤过氧化氢酶活性均为最高;其次是复合菌处理,纤维素分解菌处理次之,其它处理过氧化氢酶活性为低温生物表面活性剂处理低温纤维素分解菌处理生物表面活性剂处理。(5)低温生物表面活性剂处理和常温生物表面活性剂处理的泳道的条带较其他处理条带更加清晰,许多条带为共有条带,也存在一些特有条带。在玉米抽雄期,多样性指数顺序为低温纤维素分解菌处理最高,低温复合菌剂处理与对照相比差异不显著。而均匀度指数中,低温复合菌剂处理低于对照处理。DGGE分析显示,施用低温复合菌剂的处理与对照之间的距离较远。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the degradation efficiency of corn straw was improved by using low temperature composite microbial microbial agent, which was composed of low temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria and low temperature biosurfactant at 1:1 ratio, combined with protective tillage measures of big ridge.In this paper, the effect of returning straw to soil with compound microbial microbial agent on soil nitrogen, carbon, microorganism and bacterial diversity was studied, and the effect of low temperature compound microorganism degradation on soil bacterial diversity was explained by PCR-DGGE method.In order to improve the degradation efficiency of corn straw by using low temperature compound bacteria, and combine with the conservation tillage technology of big ridge and deep loosening, this paper provides a feasible method for repairing the black soil, improving the rural environment and developing sustainable green agriculture.The main conclusions of this experiment are as follows: (1) the use of low temperature compound bacteria significantly increased soil total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and the low temperature compound bacteria treatment had the highest nitrate nitrogen content, and low temperature compound bacteria agent,Cellulose decomposing bacteria and low temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria treated soil microbial biomass nitrogen content is higher. 2) low temperature compound bacteria has significant effect on soil organic matter content, which is 2.8% higher than the control treatment, and the effect is the best.The next is the treatment of low-temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria.Soil microbial biomass carbon content was the highest at filling stage, and the microbial carbon content of low temperature bacteria treatment was higher than that of other treatments, with an average of 57.16 mg / kg, which was 1.64 times as much as that of control.The application of low temperature compound bacteria and low temperature biosurfactant could significantly increase the number of soil bacteria.The changes of fungi in soil showed a tendency that low temperature was better than normal temperature better than control.In all the growth periods, the number of actinomycetes treated with low temperature compound bacteria was the highest, followed by low cellulose decomposing bacteria and biosurfactant treatment.The activity of catalase was the highest in low temperature compound bacteria treatment, followed by compound bacteria treatment and cellulose decomposing bacteria treatment.Other treatment catalase activity is low temperature biosurfactant treatment Cellulose decomposition bacteria treatment biosurfactant treatment. 5) low temperature biosurfactant treatment and room temperature biosurfactant treatmentThe bands are clearer than the other processing bands.Many bands are common bands, but there are also some unique bands.At the heading stage of maize, the order of diversity index was the highest in the treatment of low temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria, but there was no significant difference between the treatment of low temperature compound bacteria and that of the control.In the evenness index, the low temperature compound bacteria treatment was lower than the control treatment. DGGE analysis showed that the distance between the low temperature compound bacteria treatment and the control was longer than that of the control.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4

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