新型磷肥对植烟土壤养分和烤烟生长及化学成分的影响

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:30

本文选题：烤烟　切入点：新型磷肥　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为探究新型磷肥对湘西地区烤烟的影响,在凤凰县、永顺县和保靖县,通过大田小区试验研究不同新型肥料对土壤养分、烟叶生长发育及化学成分的影响,选出适宜烤烟生长的新型磷肥,以提高烟叶的产量和质量。试验结果如下：1、烤烟移栽后90d,凤凰县、永顺县和保靖县施加磷铵提苗肥处理的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均最低。永顺县施加磷铵提苗肥处理的土壤pH值更接近优质烤烟的土壤pH值。说明施加磷铵提苗肥促进了烤烟吸收土壤养分,改善了植烟土壤pH值。2、在整个大田生育期,凤凰县、永顺县和保靖县各处理的干物质积累总量和各器官干物质积累量均持续增长,增长速度为慢-快-慢,施加磷铵提苗肥处理的烟株营养均衡,烤烟的株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶面积、干物质积累总量、茎部积累量和叶部积累量均最高,说明施加磷铵提苗肥的处理促进了烤烟的生长发育,提高了烤烟的产量。3、凤凰县、永顺县和保靖县各处理的总氮和烟碱含量适宜,氮碱比比值均在1左右,总糖和还原糖含量均略高于优质烤烟的,氯含量均在0.5%以下,钾含量为2%左右,钾氯比比值均大于4。施加高磷型烟草专用基肥和磷铵提苗肥的处理降低了中上部烟叶的总氮含量和下部叶的烟碱含量,增加了下部叶的总氮含量和中上部烟叶的烟碱、总糖及还原糖含量,提高了烟叶的钾含量,改善了烤烟的化学协调性及燃烧性。综上所述,施加磷铵提苗肥处理效果最好。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of new phosphate fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco in western Hunan, the effects of different new types of fertilizer on soil nutrients, tobacco growth and development and chemical composition in Fenghuang County, Yongshun County and Baojing County were studied by field experiments.A new phosphate fertilizer suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth was selected to improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.The results were as follows: (1) at 90 days after transplanting flue-cured tobacco, the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were the lowest in Fenghuang County, Yongshun County and Baojing County.In Yongshun County, the pH value of soil treated with ammonium phosphate fertilizer was closer to that of high quality flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that the application of ammonium phosphate fertilizer promoted flue-cured tobacco to absorb soil nutrients, improved the pH value of tobacco planting soil, and improved the soil pH value of tobacco planting. During the whole field growth period, Fenghuang County,The total dry matter accumulation and dry matter accumulation of organs in Yongshun County and Baojing County continued to increase, the growth rate was slow-fast-slow, the nutrition balance of tobacco plants treated with ammonium phosphate fertilizer, the plant height, stem circumference and effective leaf number of flue-cured tobacco.The maximum leaf area, total dry matter accumulation, stem accumulation and leaf accumulation were the highest, which indicated that the application of ammonium phosphate fertilizer could promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and increase the yield of flue-cured tobacco.The contents of total nitrogen and nicotine in Yongshun county and Baojing county were suitable, the ratio of nitrogen to alkali was about 1, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar was slightly higher than that of high quality flue-cured tobacco, the chlorine content was below 0.5%, the potassium content was about 2%, and the ratio of potassium to chlorine ratio was more than 4%.The total nitrogen content of middle and upper tobacco leaf and nicotine content of lower leaf were decreased by applying high phosphorus type tobacco special base fertilizer and ammonium phosphate fertilizer, and the contents of nicotine, total sugar and reducing sugar of middle and upper tobacco leaf were increased.The potassium content of tobacco leaf was increased, and the chemical coordination and combustibility of flue-cured tobacco were improved.To sum up, the effect of applying ammonium phosphate fertilizer was the best.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S158

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