陕南地区1960-2014年降雨侵蚀力变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:19

本文选题：陕南地区　切入点：降雨侵蚀力　出处：《山地学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：降雨侵蚀力作为评价降雨对土壤侵蚀能力的关键指标,对于确定土壤可蚀性以及预防水土流失、制定水土保持规划与决策具有重要的理论意义。本文选取陕南地区及其周边地区共22个气象站1960-2014年连续55年日降雨量数据,利用逐日降雨量估算侵蚀力模型计算陕南地区降雨侵蚀力;在ArcGIS10平台下,采用反距离权重空间插值的方法,绘制陕南地区降雨侵蚀力空间分布图,分析全年及其季节空间分布特征;利用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、气候趋向率和变异系数分析降雨侵蚀力年内和年际变化特征。结果表明:(1)陕南地区多年平均年降雨侵蚀力空间分布与年侵蚀性降雨量空间分布具有相似性,都是由北向南逐渐增加。(2)陕南地区多年平均年降雨侵蚀力为3 872 MJ·mm·hm~(-2)·h~(-1)·a~(-1),年内分布差异较大,主要集中于6-9月,冬季变异系数最大。安康站点夏季降雨侵蚀力上升趋势通过了0.01显著性检验。(3)降雨侵蚀力年际变异系数达到0.30,80年代降雨侵蚀力最大。略阳站点年降雨侵蚀力呈下降趋势,汉中站点基本不变。
[Abstract]:Rainfall erosivity, as a key index to evaluate the ability of rainfall to soil erosion, is of great theoretical significance in determining soil erodibility, preventing soil erosion and making soil and water conservation planning and decision-making.In this paper, a total of 22 weather stations in and around southern Shaanxi are selected to calculate the rainfall erosivity of southern Shaanxi using the daily rainfall estimation model for 55 consecutive years from 1960 to 2014.The spatial distribution map of rainfall erosivity in southern Shaanxi is drawn by using the spatial interpolation method of inverse distance weight, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the whole year and its seasons are analyzed, and the trend analysis method of Mann-Kendall is used to analyze the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity.Climate trend rate and coefficient of variation were used to analyze the year and interannual variability of rainfall erosivity.The results show that the spatial distribution of annual average rainfall erosivity in southern Shaanxi is similar to the spatial distribution of annual erosive rainfall.The annual average annual rainfall erosivity in southern Shaanxi is 3 872 MJ mm hm-1) Hu 1) a ~ (-1), the distribution of which is very different, mainly concentrated in June-September, and the coefficient of variation in winter is the largest. (2) the average annual rainfall erosivity in southern Shaanxi is 3 872 MJ mm / h ~ (-2) / h ~ (-1) / h ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1), mainly from June to September.The increasing trend of rainfall erosivity in Ankang station in summer passed 0.01 significant test. 3) the interannual variation coefficient of rainfall erosivity reached the maximum in the 1980s.The annual rainfall erosivity of Lueyang station showed a downward trend, Hanzhong station was basically unchanged.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41071012) 陕西省水土流失补偿费资助项目“陕西能源开发水土保持动态监测信息管理系统开发研究”(15H1000153)~~
【分类号】：S157.1

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