智能深液栽培和滴灌施肥桌面系统研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-08 09:09

本文选题：智能灌溉施肥　切入点：节水灌溉　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：施肥与灌溉整合是水肥一体化的特征。但是实施的技术关键却不在于系统的管道及其灌溉控制技术,而是施肥技术。国内目前水肥一体化应用大多偏重于技术及设施引进,考虑作物的水肥需求特征不够充分,自动化水平偏低。因此,有必要整合多学科现有成熟技术,研制经济可靠的以管道化、精准灌溉施肥为基础的自动控制灌溉施肥系统,适应国内农业生产需求,提高劳动生产力,降低劳动成本,保护生态环境。本研究在前期研究的基础上,设计并制作了深液无土栽培和滴灌施肥栽培的桌面模型系统,结合具体的栽培需求设计了柑橘园智能灌溉施肥系统。在桌面模型系统中,集成了2个子系统,一个是基于深液无土栽培理论的营养液循环与营养浓度自动控制子系统。深液无土栽培是从营养液膜栽培法发展而来的,该方法种植作物时,根系长期侵泡在培养槽营养液中,需要通过周期性排空和注入循环向营养液充氧,同时使作物根系得到充分的暴氧,这一过程需要人工管理。本子系统的智能化能有效降低人力物力,并能自动记录栽培过程中营养液浓度和p H值的动态变化,如果结合植物生长状态,可以为研究、开发无土栽培的营养液组成和指导无土栽培实践创造条件。另一个是智能滴灌施肥系统子系统,该系统利用水分传感器适时检测土壤水分含量,闭环控制自动灌溉,在灌溉的同时实现营养液在线混配,能准确控制营养组成、提高施肥和灌溉效率,降低生产成本,提高产量和品质,最终提高经济效益。研究成功整合这2个子系统在一个桌面上,能结合原理,直观、透明地演示子系统的运行过程,有利于提升实践教学质量、促进水肥一体化技术的推广、应用。研究还针对华中农业大学资源环境学院的柑橘施肥试验园的智能滴灌施肥系统进行了详细项目设计,目前灌溉施肥的首部和田间布线已经完成,施肥数据库正在建设当中。智能灌溉施肥技术是当前我国发展现代农业的重要内涵,在利用灌溉管道网络和控制系统的辅助下,实现精准施肥,不仅能有效降低灌溉水的消耗,而且大幅度降低施肥数量,优化肥料养分组成,提高肥料养分利用率,降低过量施肥对生态环境的不利影响、提高农业经营效益。本研究成果不仅具有理论意义,而且具有实用价值。
[Abstract]:The integration of fertilization and irrigation is the characteristic of water and fertilizer integration.But the key technology is not systematic pipe and irrigation control technology, but fertilization technology.At present, the integrated application of water and fertilizer in China is mainly focused on the introduction of technology and facilities, considering the characteristics of water and fertilizer demand of crops is not enough, and the automation level is on the low side.Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the existing mature multi-disciplinary technologies and develop an economical and reliable automatic controlled irrigation fertilization system based on pipe and precision irrigation fertilization, which can meet the needs of domestic agricultural production, increase labor productivity and reduce labor costs.Protect the ecological environment.Based on the previous research, a desktop model system for deep soilless cultivation and drip irrigation and fertilization cultivation was designed, and the intelligent irrigation and fertilization system for citrus orchard was designed according to the specific cultivation requirements.In the desktop model system, two subsystems are integrated, one is the nutrient solution circulation and nutrient concentration automatic control subsystem based on the deep liquid soilless cultivation theory.The soilless culture of deep liquid is developed from the method of nutrient liquid film cultivation. When planting crops, the root system soaks in the nutrient solution of culture trough for a long time, which needs to be filled with oxygen by periodically emptying and injecting circulation to the nutrient solution.At the same time, the root system can get sufficient oxygen, and this process needs artificial management.The intelligence of this sub-system can effectively reduce manpower and material resources, and can automatically record the dynamic changes of nutrient solution concentration and pH value in the process of cultivation.To develop soilless culture nutrient solution composition and guide soilless cultivation practice to create conditions.The other is the subsystem of intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization system. The system uses moisture sensor to detect soil moisture content in time, to control automatic irrigation with closed loop, and to realize on-line mixing of nutrient solution while irrigation, which can accurately control nutrient composition.Improve the efficiency of fertilization and irrigation, reduce production costs, improve yield and quality, and ultimately improve economic efficiency.The successful integration of the two subsystems on a single desktop can demonstrate the operation process of the subsystems intuitively and transparently, which is helpful to improve the quality of practical teaching and promote the popularization and application of the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.The intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization system in the citrus fertilization experimental garden of Huazhong Agricultural University was designed in detail. The first irrigation fertilization and field wiring have been completed, and the fertilization database is under construction.Intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology is an important connotation of the development of modern agriculture in China. With the aid of irrigation pipeline network and control system, precision fertilization can not only effectively reduce the consumption of irrigation water, but also greatly reduce the amount of fertilization.The composition of fertilizer nutrient was optimized, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrient was increased, the adverse effect of excessive fertilization on ecological environment was reduced, and the benefit of agricultural management was improved.The results of this study are not only of theoretical significance, but also of practical value.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S126;S365

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