几个苏州园林土壤微生物多样性与群落结构研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 22:35

本文选题：T-RFLP　切入点：苏州园林　出处：《苏州科技学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着苏州园林被列为世界文化遗产,其知名度日益提高。苏州一些知名园林每天入园人数在数千人次,旺季有时达到上万人次以上。大量游客日复一日地进入园林,不可避免地造成园林的破坏。将园林作为旅游资源过度开发,导致在园林保护过程中出现了各种问题,园林的生态环境也受到了一定的破坏。如何以园林为资源进行可持续的旅游开发是园林保护所面临的一大难题。因此,对于园林生态环境的研究显得至关重要。常言道“无水不成园”,水是苏州园林不可或缺的景致,园林植物又直接体现绿化效果,所以在以往的研究中,研究者们把目光锁定在苏州园林植物,水体的研究上,作为两者基质的底泥和土壤却少有进行研究。国内外均未发现关于园林环境微生物方面的研究报道,本实验首次对苏州园林底泥和土壤环境微生物多样性与群落结构进行了研究。本研究选取几个典型苏州园林水系底泥和土壤为研究对象,分析其理化性质。根据宏基因组学原理,采用近年来被广泛运用的研究环境微生物多样性的分子生物学方法——限制性末端片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,分析底泥和土壤的微生物多样性和群落结构。结果表明:几个苏州园林底泥和土壤的含水率、pH值、电导率、总有机质(TOM)和总氮(TN)五项理化指标均在正常范围值之内,较高的全氮含量带来水体富营养化的隐患。拙政园不同生境底泥和土壤中细菌、真菌多样性存在明显差异,细菌多样性明显高于真菌。底泥细菌,土壤细菌和真菌中存在优势菌种,底泥真菌种类较少,无明显优势菌种。不同季节拙政园底泥和土壤中细菌多样性存在明显差异,土壤细菌多样性高于底泥细菌多样性,群落结构也复杂许多。底泥和土壤的微生物多样性秋季最高,春季次之,再次是冬季,夏季出现最低多样性水平。5个园林底泥和土壤细菌多样性存在差异,微生物多样性大致与游客接待数呈负相关。本研究为苏州园林污染治理提供基础的数据积累,对分析苏州园林群落演替具有重要的参考价值,为苏州园林微生物多样性及群落结构提供技术支撑和理论依据。
[Abstract]:Along with Suzhou garden is listed as the world cultural heritage, its popularity increases day by day.Some famous gardens in Suzhou have thousands of visitors a day, sometimes more than ten thousand times in peak season.A large number of tourists enter the garden day after day, inevitably causing damage to the garden.The over-exploitation of garden as a tourist resource has led to various problems in the process of garden protection, and the ecological environment of garden has also been destroyed to a certain extent.How to use gardens as resources for sustainable tourism development is a difficult problem for landscape protection.Therefore, it is very important to study the ecological environment of garden.As the saying goes, "without water, no garden," water is an indispensable scene in Suzhou's gardens, and garden plants directly reflect the effect of greening. So in previous studies, researchers have focused their attention on the study of Suzhou garden plants and water bodies.The sediment and soil, which are the substrates of both, are seldom studied.There were no reports on microorganism in garden environment at home and abroad. In this experiment, microbial diversity and community structure in the sediment and soil environment of Suzhou garden were studied for the first time.In this study, the physical and chemical properties of sediment and soil of several typical garden water systems in Suzhou were analyzed.According to the principle of macrogenomics, the microbial diversity and community structure of sediment and soil were analyzed by using the molecular biological method, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), which has been widely used in recent years to study the environmental microbial diversity.The results showed that the five physical and chemical indexes of soil moisture content, pH value, electrical conductivity, total organic matter (TOM) and total nitrogen (TNN) were within the normal range, and the higher total nitrogen content caused the hidden danger of eutrophication.The diversity of bacteria and fungi in the sediment and soil of different habitats was obviously different, and the diversity of bacteria was obviously higher than that of fungi.There are some dominant bacteria in sediment bacteria, soil bacteria and fungi.The diversity of bacteria in the bottom mud and soil was obviously different in different seasons. The diversity of bacteria in soil was higher than that in sediment, and the community structure was much more complex.The microbial diversity of sediment and soil was the highest in autumn, followed by winter in spring and the lowest in summer. There were differences in bacterial diversity between the five garden sediments and soil, and the microbial diversity was negatively correlated with the number of visitors.This study provides basic data accumulation for garden pollution control in Suzhou, and has important reference value for analyzing landscape community succession in Suzhou, and provides technical support and theoretical basis for microbial diversity and community structure in Suzhou garden.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.3

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