保水剂施用方式对土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-11 08:11

本文选题：保水剂 + 施用方式　；参考：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：【目的】研究不同保水剂施用方式对内蒙古西部半干旱偏旱地区土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响,以筛选出合适的保水剂及施用方式。【方法】以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)为材料,设不施保水剂(CK)、穴施PAM、沟施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAA-K 5个处理,分析不同保水剂及其施用方式下马铃薯不同生育时期、不同土层土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性和产量的变化。【结果】土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随马铃薯生育时期的推进呈现"单峰"曲线变化,均于马铃薯块茎膨大期达峰值。与CK相比,施用保水剂处理均能提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,且对于同一种保水剂,穴施处理提高幅度大于沟施处理。在马铃薯块茎膨大期,穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K处理0~10cm土层的土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照分别提高了12.92%,11.97%,9.06%和6.02%,土壤脲酶活性较对照分别提高了12.38%,2.33%,0.86%和0.31%,土壤蔗糖酶活性较对照分别提高了22.99%,17.03%,20.50%和18.34%,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随土层的增加逐渐降低。与CK相比,施用保水剂显著提高了马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率。穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K分别较对照增产12.08%,10.45%,7.37%和5.22%。【结论】施用保水剂PAM、PAA-K均提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性及马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率,其中穴施PAM效果最好。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effects of different water retaining agents on soil enzyme activity and potato yield in semi-arid and arid areas of western Inner Mongolia.In order to select suitable water-retaining agent and its application method. [methods] using polyacrylamide (PAM) and potassium polyacrylate (PAA-K) as materials, 5 treatments were established: no water retention agent, hole application, furrow application, hole application, and furrow application of PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K, PAA-K and PAA-K, respectively.The changes of catalase, urease, sucrase activity and yield in different soil layer, soil catalase, urease, catalase, urease were analyzed under different water-retaining agents and their application methods.The sucrase activity showed a "single peak" curve with the development of potato, which reached the peak at the tuber expansion stage.Compared with CK, the activities of catalase, urease and sucrase in soil were increased by applying water retaining agent, and for the same kind of water retaining agent, the increase of soil catalase, urease and sucrase in the treatment of hole treatment was greater than that in the furrow treatment.At the stage of potato tuber expansion,22.990.17.030.20.50% and 18.34%, catalase in the soil,The activity of urease and sucrase decreased with the increase of soil layer.Compared with CK, the application of water-retaining agent significantly increased potato yield and commercial potato rate, and decreased the small potato rate.Pam, PAA-K, PAM and PAA-K increased by 7.37% and 5.222.Conclusion the application of water absorbent PAMPAA-K increased soil catalase, urease, sucrase activity, potato yield and commercial potato yield, and decreased the rate of small tuber.The effect of PAM was the best.
【作者单位】：内蒙古农业大学农学院;内蒙古自治区种子管理站;
【基金】：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2014BS0317) 国家自然科学基金项目(31360321) 中国博士后基金项目
【分类号】：S154.2;S532

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