稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在稻田中的残留消解及水解研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 21:00

本文选题：稻瘟酰胺 + 咪鲜胺　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：稻瘟酰胺是苯氧酰胺类杀菌剂,咪鲜胺是一种广谱高效咪唑类杀菌剂,两者复配使用,对水稻稻瘟病害有较好的防治效果。本文通过研究稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在水稻样品中的残留分析检测方法,及在我国南北自然环境下水稻、稻田土壤和稻田水中的消解动态及残留规律,以及在不同pH缓冲溶液、不同温度条件下的水解行为,为稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在农业生产上的科学、合理、安全使用提供数据基础,为评价其在环境中的安全性提供依据。论文主要内容有：(1)研究并建立了用气相色谱法同时测定稻田土壤、稻田水、水稻植株(稻杆)、稻米及稻壳中稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺的残留分析检测方法。在选定的分析条件下,稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺的最小检出量为1.0×10~(-11)g,最低检出浓度在稻田土壤、稻田水、水稻植株、稻米及稻壳中分别为2.5×10~(-3)mg/kg、5×10.4mg/L、5×10~(-3)mg/kg、2.5×10~(-3)mg/kg、 5×10~(-3)mg/kg。结果表明：该分析方法对稻田环境样品中稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺的残留量检测的准确度及精密度均达到农药残留分析技术要求及规范。(2)通过田间试验方法,研究了稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在湖南长沙、吉林长春和贵州贵阳稻田环境中的消解规律,建立了稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在稻田土壤、稻田水和水稻植株中的消解模型。结果表明：稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在稻田土壤、稻田水、水稻植株中的消解曲线方程符合一级化学反应动力学方程式Ct=C0~(-Kt)。稻瘟酰胺在稻田土壤、稻田水及水稻植株中的平均消解半衰期为12.7d、3.0d、4.4d；咪鲜胺在稻田土壤、稻田水及水稻植株中的平均消解半衰期为9.4d、2.0d、2.4d。(3)通过田间试验方法,研究了稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在湖南长沙稻田环境中的残留规律,在水稻作物种植期间,对水稻植株茎叶进行喷雾施药,设计施药次数为2次和3次(施药间隔期为7d),采样距末次施药间隔期为7、14、21d。结果表明根据推荐使用剂量50克／亩、施药2次及安全间隔期14天收获的稻米中稻瘟酰胺的残留量检测平均值为0268mg/kg,咪鲜胺的残留量检测平均值为0.005mg/kg,均低于我国制定的关于稻瘟酰胺、咪鲜胺的MRL值。因此认为40%稻瘟酰胺·咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂在稻田中按推荐施用剂量施用是安全的。(4)研究稻瘟酰胺、咪鲜胺及稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺共存条件下在不同pH缓冲溶液、不同温度条件下的水解行为。结果表明,稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺在不同pH缓冲溶液中的水解情况差异较小,其在强酸强碱环境中稳定；稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺的水解速率随环境温度的升高而加快；混剂对其水解存在一定的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Rice blast amide is a kind of fungicides and prochloraz is a kind of broad-spectrum and high-efficient imidazole fungicides. The combination of them has good control effect on rice blast.In this paper, the residue analysis method of rice blast amide and prochloramines in rice samples was studied, and the dynamics and residues of rice, paddy soil and paddy water in the natural environment of north and south of China were studied, as well as in different pH buffer solution.The hydrolysis behavior at different temperatures provides a data basis for the scientific, rational and safe use of rice blast amide and prochloraz in agricultural production, as well as for the evaluation of their safety in the environment.The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A gas chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy soil, rice field water, rice plants (rice stalks, rice and rice husks) was established.The results showed that the accuracy and precision of this method for the determination of rice blast amide and prochloraz residues in the environmental samples of paddy fields were up to the technical requirements and specifications of pesticide residue analysis.The digestion of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy field environment of Changsha, Jilin province and Guiyang, Guizhou Province was studied, and the model of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy soil, rice field water and rice plant was established.The results showed that the digestion curve equations of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy soil, rice field water and rice plants were in accordance with the first-order chemical reaction kinetic equation CtC0 and Ktn.The mean half-life of rice blast amide in paddy soil, paddy water and rice plants was 12.7dU 3.0dN 4.4d, and the average half-life of chlorprolamine in paddy soil, paddy water and rice plants was 9.4dN 2.0 dU 2.4d.m3).The residual law of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy field of Changsha, Hunan Province was studied. During the period of rice crop cultivation, the stems and leaves of rice plant were sprayed.The times of application were 2 times and 3 times (the interval of application was 7 days and the interval between sampling and last application was 7 ~ 14 ~ 21 days).The results show that according to the recommended dosage of 50 g / mu,Hydrolysis behavior at different temperatures.The mixture has a certain inhibitory effect on its hydrolysis.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592

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