全椒县耕地土壤养分空间分布与地力特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 16:32

本文选题：全椒县 + 耕地　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地好坏是农产品的品质和产量保证,他是人类生存和发展的必须物质。全国第二次土壤普查在1982年结束,距今已有30多年了,土壤中的各种养分和耕地质量发生很大变化,目前耕地存在着养分严重失衡,理化性状变差,地力不断下降,因此对土壤养分和耕地质量进行调查和评价变得至关重要。本文以安徽省滁州市全椒县为研究对象区域,在收集和分析了大量数据资料的基础上,对耕地主要养分的空间变异进行了分析,初步研究了其养分状况。同时,对全椒县耕地地力评价体系进行了建立。本研究取得的主要结果如下:1、全椒县耕地土壤养分特征分析。结果表明:土壤中大量元素:有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为19.047g/kg、1.26 g/kg、10.8mg/kg、135 mg/kg,有效锌、有效铜、有效锰和有效硼平均含量分别为1.44 mg/kg、3.58 mg/kg、59.49mg/kg和0.54 mg/kg。2、研究区域土壤养分含量差异较大。其中,土壤中属于强变异的有效铜、磷变异系数分别为1.26和1.10;其它养分含量养分属于中等变异;无弱变异。土壤养分含量处丰富水平的有有效铜和锰,养分含量处四级水平为主的为有机质,其他养分含量以三级水平为主。土壤中大量元素有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾缺乏面积分别占耕地面积的64.31%、8.96%、48.25%、19.77%,有效锌、有效铜、有效锰和有效硼缺乏面积分别占耕地面积的16.32%、0.37%、0.04%和46.59%。3、全椒县耕地地力评价。评价结果为一级地3906.27公顷,占耕地总面积的9.3%,二级地12072.43公顷,占耕地总面积的28.7%,三级地14199.69公顷,占耕地总面积的33.8%,四级地7591.36公顷,占耕地总面积的18.1%,五级地面积为4232.37公顷,占耕地总面积的10.1%。4、通过各等级耕地的空间分布特征分析结果表明:一级地主要集中在南部圩区,土壤类型主要是潴育型水稻土;二级地土壤主要位于中部岗区和平原区,土壤类型主要为潴育型和渗育型水稻土;三级地主要位于丘陵岗区,土壤类型为渗育型和漂洗型水稻土;四级地多位于丘陵岗区及河流低洼处,土壤类型主要是淹育型水稻土和黄棕壤;五级地位于丘陵中下部,土壤类型以棕色石灰土和潜育型水稻土为主。
[Abstract]:Good or bad cultivated land is the guarantee of the quality and yield of agricultural products, and it is the essential material for the survival and development of human beings.The second national soil census ended in 1982, and it has been more than 30 years since. The soil nutrients and cultivated land quality have changed greatly. At present, there is a serious imbalance of nutrients in cultivated land, the physical and chemical properties become worse, and the soil fertility continues to decline.Therefore, it is very important to investigate and evaluate soil nutrients and cultivated land quality.Taking Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province as the object of study, the spatial variation of main nutrients in cultivated land was analyzed on the basis of collecting and analyzing a large number of data, and its nutrient status was preliminarily studied.At the same time, the evaluation system of cultivated land fertility in Quanjiao County was established.The main results of this study are as follows: 1, analysis of soil nutrient characteristics of cultivated land in Quanjiao County.The results showed that the average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were 19.047 g / kg 1.26 g / kg + 10.8 mg / kg ~ (-1) mg / kg ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1)The average contents of available manganese and available boron were 1.44 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.54 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-2), respectively.The coefficient of variation of phosphorus was 1.26 and 1.10 respectively, and the other nutrient contents belonged to medium variation and no weak variation.Available copper and manganese were abundant in the soil nutrient content, organic matter was the main nutrient content in the fourth grade level, and the third level was the main nutrient content in the soil.The results of the evaluation are as follows: 3906.27 hectares of first-grade land, accounting for 9.3% of the total area of cultivated land, 12072.43 hectares of second-grade land, 28.772 hectares of the total area of cultivated land, 14199.69 hectares of third-grade land, 33.8 hectares of total cultivated land, 7591.36 hectares of fourth-grade land, 18.1 hectares of total cultivated land and 4232.37 hectares of five-grade land.The spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land of different grades are analyzed. The results show that the first grade land is mainly concentrated in the southern polder area, the soil type is mainly waterlogged paddy soil, and the secondary land soil is mainly located in the central hillock region and the plain area.The soil types are mainly waterlogged and permeable paddy soil, the third grade is mainly located in the hilly area, the soil type is infiltration type and the soil type is bleached paddy soil, and the fourth grade is located in the hilly area and the low-lying area of the river.The soil types were mainly flooded paddy soil and yellow brown soil, and the five grade land was located in the middle and lower part of hilly area, and the soil types were mainly lime brown soil and latent paddy soil.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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