耕地质量观的演变与再认识

发布时间：2018-04-18 12:57

本文选题：土地利用 + 农业　；参考：《农业工程学报》2016年14期

【摘要】：耕地质量对农业效益、粮食安全、耕地资源可持续利用能力具有重要影响。明确耕地质量概念、构成、特点和影响因素,对于加强耕地质量基础理论研究、推动土地整治与高标准农田建设、开展耕地质量管理实践工作具有重要意义。该文在梳理当前3种主要耕地质量观、剖析质量与土地质量内涵的基础上,阐述了新的耕地质量观。主要结论如下:1)当前主要存在基于耕地自然属性、自然-经济双重属性和多重属性的3种耕地质量观,他们既存在先后演化关系,又同时并存、互有区别;2)质量是产品一组固有特性满足要求的程度,土地质量是土地满足某种利用类型特定要求的能力和程度;3)耕地质量是耕地本身的特性满足农业生产并获取经济利润,以及满足人类福祉的程度,包括地力质量、工程质量、空间质量、生态环境质量、美学与文化质量;4)耕地质量具有生产性、内在性、综合性、空间性和时间性,耕地质量受到自然要素、工程要素和社会因素及其组合特征的影响。在耕地质量的理论研究与管理实践中,应充分考虑耕地质量的综合性,防止以偏概全;应将耕地质量的客观性与耕地质量需求的主观性有机统一;应根据耕地评价目的、监测的空间尺度和时间频率,科学构建耕地质量指标及评价指标体系,以科学合理地评价耕地质量状况。
[Abstract]:The quality of cultivated land has an important influence on agricultural efficiency, food security and the ability of sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources.It is of great significance to make clear the concept, composition, characteristics and influencing factors of cultivated land quality, to strengthen the basic theoretical research of cultivated land quality, to promote land renovation and high standard farmland construction, and to carry out the practical work of cultivated land quality management.On the basis of combing three main views on cultivated land quality and analyzing the connotation of quality and land quality, this paper expounds the new concept of cultivated land quality.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) at present, there are mainly three views of cultivated land quality based on the natural attribute of cultivated land, the dual attribute of nature and economy and the multiple attribute.(2) quality is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of a product meets the requirements, and land quality is the ability and degree of land to meet the specific requirements of a certain type of utilization. 3) the quality of cultivated land is the characteristic of the cultivated land itself to satisfy agricultural production and to obtain economic profits.And the extent to which human well-being is satisfied, including the quality of land, engineering, space, ecological environment, aesthetics and culture) the quality of cultivated land is productive, intrinsic, comprehensive, spatial and temporal,The quality of cultivated land is influenced by natural factors, engineering factors, social factors and their combination characteristics.In the theoretical research and management practice of cultivated land quality, we should fully consider the comprehensiveness of cultivated land quality, prevent partial generalization, unify the objectivity of cultivated land quality with the subjectivity of cultivated land quality demand, and according to the purpose of cultivated land evaluation,The spatial scale and time frequency of monitoring, the scientific construction of cultivated land quality indicators and evaluation index system, in order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the status of cultivated land quality.
【作者单位】：东北农业大学资源与环境学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;黑龙江省农垦科学院科技情报研究所;
【基金】：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(D201401) 国家自然科学基金项目(41571167)
【分类号】：S158

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