甘南牧区草地生态补偿绩效评价

发布时间：2018-04-19 00:18

本文选题：草地生态补偿 + 生态补偿绩效评价　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：甘南牧区是我国重要的草原畜牧业生产地和生态安全屏障。但受自然和人类经济活动的过度干扰,草地退化严重,导致甘南牧区草地的生态服务功能减弱,对地区乃至国家造成了很大的经济损失,也时刻威胁着国家的生态安全。面对草地退化的严峻现实,国家在甘南牧区实施了一些大的生态保护和建设项目,特别是2011年开始实施的第一轮草原生态补奖政策,对恢复甘南牧区退化草地、提高牧区广大牧民的生活质量和促进牧区经济发展具有重要的促进作用。但草地生态补偿政策在甘南牧区实施5年来的绩效如何,需要对其进行科学的评价来客观准确地反映草地生态补偿政策取得的绩效,及时发现政策实施过程中存在的问题,以便完善和改进现行的草地生态补偿政策,为牧区草地资源的可持续利用与管理决策提供参考。本研究以甘南牧区为研究对象,在分析甘南牧区草地资源特征、现状、发展态势及牧区经济社会发展水平的基础上,构建了基于草地生态功能、生活功能、生产功能和政策指标完成度的草地生态补偿绩效评价指标体系,该体系由4个二级指标和29个三级指标组成。草地生态补偿绩效评价方法采用加权线性模型和双重差分(DID)模型,从空间区域和时间动态两个维度,对草地生态补偿绩效进行评价。并对甘南州玛曲县2011年—2015年实施草原补奖政策以来的绩效进行了实证分析。评价结果为:玛曲县的生态功能、生产功能、生活功能和补偿政策完成度绩效指数分别为:14.22、5.25、17.37和19.69,综合得分为62.83。表明玛曲县在实施草原补奖政策5年以来,草地覆盖率和生产力得到一定程度的提高,草地生态环境得到了改善,草地载畜力下降,牧民的基本生活和生产条件得到了较大的改善。但草地生产力水平恢复较缓慢,生产力水平还处于较低的水平,与草地的理论载畜量还存在一定的差距。人工草地面积比例、草地退化面积比例、生态移民人口占总人口比例和牧民科技培训、牧区基础公共设施水平、牧民科技培训和草原监测管理水平等方面与预期目标还存在一定的差距和不足。根据草地生态补偿绩效评价结果,针对存在的问题,从完善草地生态补偿机制、加强牧民草地经营管理与就业技能培训和完善牧区草地流转市场建设等方面,提出了甘南牧区草地可持续发展的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:Gannan pastoral area is an important grassland animal husbandry production area and ecological security barrier.However, due to the excessive interference of natural and human economic activities, grassland degradation is serious, which leads to the weakening of ecological service function of grassland in Gannan pastoral area, which causes great economic losses to the region and even to the country, and also threatens the ecological security of the country.Facing the severe reality of grassland degradation, the state has implemented some large ecological protection and construction projects in Gannan pastoral areas, especially the first round of grassland ecological compensation policy, which began in 2011, to restore degraded grasslands in Gannan pastoral areas.Improving the quality of life of herdsmen in pastoral areas and promoting economic development in pastoral areas play an important role in promoting the quality of life of herdsmen.However, the performance of grassland ecological compensation policy in Gannan pastoral area in the past 5 years needs to be evaluated scientifically to reflect the achievement of grassland ecological compensation policy objectively and accurately, and to find out the problems existing in the implementation of the policy.In order to perfect and improve the current grassland ecological compensation policy and provide reference for sustainable utilization and management of grassland resources in pastoral areas.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics, present situation, development situation and the level of economic and social development of grassland resources in Gannan pastoral area, the ecological function and life function of grassland were constructed.The performance evaluation index system of grassland ecological compensation is composed of 4 secondary indexes and 29 third grade indexes.The performance evaluation method of grassland ecological compensation is based on weighted linear model and double differential DID-based model. The performance of grassland ecological compensation is evaluated from two dimensions of spatial region and time dynamics.The paper also makes an empirical analysis on the performance of Maqu County, Gannan State, since the implementation of the grassland compensation Policy from 2011 to 2015.The results are as follows: the performance index of ecological function, production function, living function and compensation policy completion of Maqu county are respectively: 1. 14.225.25 / 17.37 and 19.69respectively, and the comprehensive score is 62.83.The results show that the grassland coverage and productivity have been improved, the grassland ecological environment has been improved, and the stocking capacity of grassland has decreased since the implementation of the policy of grassland compensation award in Maqu County for 5 years.Herdsmen's basic living and production conditions have been greatly improved.But the recovery of grassland productivity level was slow and the productivity level was still at a low level, and there was still a certain gap between grassland productivity level and the theoretical livestock capacity of grassland.Proportion of artificial grassland area, proportion of grassland degradation area, proportion of ecological immigrant population to total population, science and technology training of herdsmen, level of basic public facilities in pastoral areas,There are still some gaps and deficiencies between herdsmen's science and technology training and grassland monitoring and management level.According to the results of performance evaluation of grassland ecological compensation, in order to solve the existing problems, we should improve the grassland ecological compensation mechanism, strengthen the training of grassland management and employment skills of herdsmen, and improve the market construction of grassland circulation in pastoral areas.The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development of grassland in Gannan pastoral area were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.8;F323.2;S812

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