华北土石山区典型小流域土壤水文特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 06:39

本文选题：土石山区 + 土壤物理性质　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究土石山区土壤水文特征是开展山坡水循环机理研究和进行山区产汇流分析的前提和基础,不仅可以为山坡水文学的发展奠定理论基础,而且对山区区域环境治理具有重要的理论和现实意义,同时可以为太行山区水资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。本研究以崇陵流域作为研究区,通过野外试验和室内试验相结合的方法,开展相关研究工作。详细分析了研究区土壤物理性质和水动力学参数在植被、坡度条件下的变化规律及空间分布规律,土壤厚度和岩石风化层厚度统计特性、相关性和变异性、空间分布规律,土壤含水量影响因素及其与土壤含水量的响应关系。主要研究成果如下:(1)荆条、油松条件下土壤颗粒大小分布曲线相似;侧柏、刺槐条件下土壤颗粒大小分布曲线相似;土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、随着深度增加逐渐增大,而总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度及渗透系数逐渐减小;随着坡度增大,容重、毛管孔隙度逐渐增大,而总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度逐渐减小;空间分布上,容重、非毛管孔隙度及渗透系数在中部花岗片麻岩地区最大,其他地区小,而毛管孔隙度和田间持水量在石灰岩地区大,其他地区相对较小;(2)基于地统计学研究方法,分析了流域土壤厚度及岩石风化层厚度影响因素、统计特征、变化趋势、空间相关与变异性及空间分布规律;土壤厚度数据样本和岩石风化层厚度数据样本具有中等变异特性;土壤厚度和岩石风化层厚度最优半变异函数模型均为指数函数模型;在东西方向上,土壤厚度拟合曲线为倒U型,岩石风化层厚度拟合曲线为指数型,在南北方向上,土壤厚度拟合曲线为幂函数型,而岩石风化层厚度拟合曲线为倒U型;土壤厚度具有强空间相关性,而岩石风化层厚度具有中等强度相关性;在空间分布上,土壤厚度从西北部向东南部逐渐增大,而岩石风化层厚度则相反;(3)松林小区土壤含水量随着深度增加逐渐增大,荒坡小区土壤含水量随着深度增加先减小后增大,土壤含水量与降水量呈正相关关系,随着降水量增加土壤含水量逐渐增大;土壤含水量低于凋萎系数时,气温对土壤含水量影响较小,土壤含水量高于凋萎系数时,随着气温升高土壤含水量逐渐增大,气温对土壤含水量的影响强于降水。
[Abstract]:The study of soil hydrological characteristics in earth-rock mountain areas is the premise and foundation for the study of the mechanism of hillside water cycle and the analysis of runoff yield and confluence in mountainous areas, which can not only lay a theoretical foundation for the development of hillside hydrology.Moreover, it has important theoretical and practical significance for regional environmental management in mountainous areas, and can provide scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of water resources in Taihang Mountain area.In this study, Chongling Watershed was taken as the research area, and related research work was carried out through the combination of field test and laboratory test.The variation and spatial distribution of soil physical properties and hydrodynamic parameters under vegetation and slope conditions, the statistical characteristics of soil thickness and rock weathering layer thickness, the correlation and variability, and the spatial distribution law of soil physical properties and hydrodynamic parameters in the study area were analyzed in detail.Influencing factors of soil moisture content and its response to soil moisture content.The main research results are as follows: the distribution curve of soil particle size under Pinus tabulaeformis is similar; that of Platycladus orientalis and Robinia pseudoacacia is similar; the soil bulk density and capillary porosity increase with the increase of depth.However, the total porosity, non-capillary porosity and permeability coefficient gradually decreased; with the slope increasing, the bulk density gradually increased, while the total porosity and non-capillary porosity gradually decreased.The non-capillary porosity and permeability coefficient were the largest in the central granitic gneiss area and small in other areas, while the capillary porosity and field water holding capacity were large in the limestone area and relatively small in other areas.The influencing factors of soil thickness and rock weathering layer thickness, statistical characteristics, variation trend, spatial correlation and variability and spatial distribution law are analyzed, and the soil thickness data sample and rock weathering layer thickness data sample have medium variation characteristics.The optimum semi-variogram model of soil thickness and rock weathering layer thickness is exponential function model, in east-west direction, the fitting curve of soil thickness is inverted U type, the fitting curve of rock weathering layer thickness is exponential type, and in the north and south direction, the fitting curve of soil thickness is inverted U type.The fitting curve of soil thickness is power function type, while the fitting curve of rock weathering layer thickness is inverted U type, the soil thickness has strong spatial correlation, while the thickness of rock weathering layer has moderate intensity correlation.The thickness of soil increased gradually from northwest to southeast, but the thickness of rock weathering layer increased with the increase of depth, and the soil water content of barren slope decreased first and then increased with the increase of depth.There was a positive correlation between soil water content and precipitation. When soil moisture content was lower than wilting coefficient, temperature had little effect on soil water content, and soil water content was higher than wilting coefficient.The effect of air temperature on soil water content is stronger than that of precipitation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S714

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