缺水问题及其社会治理——对三种缺水类型的分析

发布时间：2018-04-19 23:14

本文选题：缺水 + 环境治理　；参考：《学习与探索》2017年07期

【摘要】：水资源短缺是当前我国面临的严峻问题。将时间与空间两条线索复合,可以划分出三种地域性缺水类型。以山西为代表的旱区呈现了历史时期人口暴增、森林破坏而导致的失蓄型缺水问题,其以水利共同体即以管水组织、用水规则、分水技术和用水文化等来维护用水秩序稳定。中部地区的失序型缺水反映了承包责任实行以后由于农村组织逐步缺失造成的缺水问题,可以通过创新用水组织、改变农业生产规模、保留集体组织或以传统组织框架加以应对。太湖流域的水质型缺水属于工业化造成的水污染问题,改变观念和人的行为、创新生产模式、营造生态自觉的新文化是治理的关键所在。西南民族地区在传统农业开发与自然植被保护、经济效益优化与环境保护方面蕴含着丰富的生态智慧,仍有现实意义。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources is a severe problem facing our country at present. By combining time and space, three types of regional water shortage can be divided. The dry area represented by Shanxi presents the problem of water shortage caused by the population explosion and forest destruction in the historical period. The water conservancy community is the organization of water management, the rules of water use, water partition technology and water culture to maintain the stability of water use order. The disordered water shortage in the central region reflects the shortage of water caused by the gradual absence of rural organizations after the implementation of the contract responsibility. Through innovative water use organizations, the scale of agricultural production can be changed. Retain a collective organization or respond to it in a traditional organizational framework. Water shortage in Taihu Lake basin belongs to the problem of water pollution caused by industrialization. The key to governance is to change the concept and human behavior, to innovate the production model and to create a new culture of ecological consciousness. The traditional agricultural development and natural vegetation protection, the optimization of economic benefits and the environmental protection in the southwest ethnic areas contain abundant ecological wisdom and still have practical significance.
【作者单位】：河海大学环境与社会研究中心;河海大学社会学系;
【基金】：河海大学中央高校业务费项目“长三角地区环境问题的社会学研究”(2015B10814)
【分类号】：F323.213;TV213.4

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